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衢州硅橡膠公司

2020-06-04 15:39:25
衢州硅橡膠公司
詳細介紹:

硅橡膠1


硅橡膠是指主鏈由硅(gui)(gui)和氧原子(zi)交(jiao)替構成(cheng)(cheng),硅(gui)(gui)原子(zi)上(shang)通(tong)常連(lian)有兩(liang)個有機基(ji)(ji)團的(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)。普(pu)通(tong)的(de)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)主要(yao)由含(han)甲基(ji)(ji)和少量乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)(ji)的(de)硅(gui)(gui)氧鏈節組成(cheng)(cheng)。苯基(ji)(ji)的(de)引入可提高(gao)(gao)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)(gao)、低(di)溫(wen)性能,三氟丙基(ji)(ji)及氰基(ji)(ji)的(de)引入則可提高(gao)(gao)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)及耐(nai)(nai)油性能。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)低(di)溫(wen)性能良好(hao),一般在(zai)(zai)-55℃下仍能工(gong)作。引入苯基(ji)(ji)后,可達-73℃。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)熱(re)性能也(ye)很(hen)突出(chu)(chu),在(zai)(zai)180℃下可長期工(gong)作,稍高(gao)(gao)于200℃也(ye)能承受數周(zhou)或更長時(shi)(shi)間仍有彈(dan)性,瞬時(shi)(shi)可耐(nai)(nai)300℃以上(shang)的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)透氣(qi)性好(hao),氧氣(qi)透過率在(zai)(zai)合成(cheng)(cheng)聚(ju)合物中(zhong)是較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)。此(ci)外,硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)還具有生理惰性、不(bu)會導致凝血的(de)突出(chu)(chu)特(te)性,因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)醫用領域應用廣泛(fan)。

主要品種

硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)分(fen)類(lei)的方法很多,通常(chang)按(an)(an)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)前的形態分(fen)為(wei)固體硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)和液(ye)體硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao);按(an)(an)硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫度(du)分(fen)為(wei)室溫硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao),高(gao)(gao)溫硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao);按(an)(an)所用(yong)單體的不同(tong),可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)甲基(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)基(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao),甲基(ji)苯基(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)基(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)、氟硅(gui),腈硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)等;按(an)(an)性(xing)能和用(yong)途的不同(tong)又(you)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)通用(yong)型、超耐低溫型、超耐高(gao)(gao)溫型、高(gao)(gao)強力(li)型、耐油型、醫用(yong)型等等。

發展史

硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)期是由美國(guo)以三氯化鐵(tie)為催化劑(ji)合(he)成的(de)(de)(de)。1945年(nian)(nian),硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)品問世。1948年(nian)(nian),采用高比表(biao)面積的(de)(de)(de)氣相法白(bai)炭黑(hei)補(bu)強的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)研制成功,使硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)性能躍升(sheng)到實用階段,奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)現代硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)基礎。從(cong)二甲基二氯硅(gui)烷合(he)成開始生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家有(you)美國(guo)。俄羅斯、德國(guo)、日本、韓國(guo)和中(zhong)國(guo)等。中(zhong)國(guo)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)工業化研究始于1957年(nian)(nian),多家研究所(suo)和企業陸(lu)續(xu)開發出各種(zhong)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)。到2003年(nian)(nian)底,中(zhong)國(guo)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)為135千(qian)噸(dun),其中(zhong)高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)100千(qian)噸(dun)。

高溫硫化硅橡膠

高溫(wen)硫(liu)化(hua)硅橡膠(jiao)是(shi)指(zhi)聚硅氧烷變成彈性體(ti)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程是(shi)經過(guo)(guo)高溫(wen)(110-170℃)硫(liu)化(hua)成型(xing)的(de)。它(ta)主要以高分子量(liang)的(de)聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷為(wei)生膠(jiao),混入補強填料(liao)、硫(liu)化(hua)劑等,在加(jia)熱加(jia)壓下(xia)硫(liu)化(hua)成彈性體(ti)。硅橡膠(jiao)的(de)補強主要是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)白炭(tan)黑,可使(shi)硫(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)的(de)強度(du)增加(jia)數十(shi)倍。有(you)時為(wei)了(le)降(jiang)低成本(ben)或改善膠(jiao)料(liao)性能(neng)及(ji)賦(fu)予硫(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)各(ge)種(zhong)特(te)殊的(de)性能(neng),也(ye)加(jia)入相應的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)添加(jia)劑。硫(liu)化(hua)劑是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)有(you)機過(guo)(guo)氧化(hua)物或加(jia)成反應催化(hua)劑。

加工成型方法(fa)如(ru)圖所示(shi)。一次硫化(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是(shi)進行高分子(zi)鏈(lian)的(de)交(jiao)聯(lian)反應;二次硫化(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是(shi)進行補充交(jiao)聯(lian)、驅除硫化(hua)(hua)劑分解產物和(he)其他揮發性化(hua)(hua)合物以(yi)穩定硫化(hua)(hua)膠(jiao)的(de)各(ge)項性能。常用的(de)設(she)備有開放式煉膠(jiao)機、捏合機及真空密煉機。


硅橡膠1


主要性能

(1)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯著的(de)(de)(de)特征是高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然(ran)常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)僅是天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或某些合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)一半(ban),但在200℃以上的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)(xia),硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)仍能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)持一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回(hui)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)表面硬(ying)度(du),且力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)無(wu)明(ming)顯變化。(2)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃化溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)一般為-70~-50℃,特殊(shu)配方可達-100℃,表明(ming)其低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優異。這對(dui)航空、宇航工業的(de)(de)(de)意義重大(da)。(3)耐候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中Si-O-Si鍵對(dui)氧、臭氧及(ji)紫外線(xian)等(deng)十(shi)分穩(wen)定(ding),在不(bu)加任何添加劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),就(jiu)具(ju)有(you)優良的(de)(de)(de)耐候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有(you)優異的(de)(de)(de)絕緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),耐電(dian)暈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐電(dian)弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也非常好。(5)物理(li)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)物理(li)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比(bi)(bi)通用(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha),但在150℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)-50℃的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia),其物理(li)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優于通用(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。(6)耐油及(ji)化學(xue)試劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有(you)中等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)耐油、耐溶劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。(7)氣(qi)體透過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)空氣(qi)、氮、氧、二(er)氧化碳等(deng)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)出30-50倍。(8)生理(li)惰性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無(wu)毒,無(wu)味,無(wu)嗅,與人體組織不(bu)粘(zhan)連,具(ju)有(you)抗凝血作用(yong),對(dui)肌體組織的(de)(de)(de)反應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非常少(shao)。特別適合(he)作為醫用(yong)材料。


硅橡膠的用量

據(ju)(ju)中國(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業協(xie)會(hui)統計,2012年,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)銷(xiao)分別達到1927.18萬(wan)輛和(he)1930.64萬(wan)輛,同比分別增長4.63%和(he)4.33%,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業硅橡膠的(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang)約達2.0萬(wan)t。根據(ju)(ju)觀(guan)研(yan)天下的(de)(de)新研(yan)究(jiu),增加有機硅材料(liao)在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)零部件方(fang)面的(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang),可以(yi)大(da)幅度(du)提(ti)高汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)安全性能,因此(ci),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)單車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)量(liang)水平的(de)(de)提(ti)高都將(jiang)推(tui)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業對硅橡膠需求的(de)(de)增加。國(guo)家鼓(gu)勵自(zi)主品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)發展,關鍵汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)零部件實現自(zi)主化,《2012年度(du)黨政(zheng)(zheng)機關公(gong)務用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)選用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)型目錄(征求意見稿(gao))》為(wei)自(zi)主品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)擴大(da)在政(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)的(de)(de)市場份(fen)額(e),為(wei)改(gai)變目前國(guo)內政(zheng)(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)以(yi)合資品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)產(chan)品(pin)為(wei)主的(de)(de)局面提(ti)供(gong)了保(bao)障。促(cu)進自(zi)主品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)發展,國(guo)產(chan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)業的(de)(de)繁榮將(jiang)為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)膠的(de)(de)應用(yong)提(ti)供(gong)有力(li)保(bao)障。預測未來(lai)3年,我國(guo)室溫硫(liu)化硅橡膠在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)行(xing)業將(jiang)以(yi)年均(jun)20%增長。

此外,硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)是重要(yao)的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)油基合(he)成(cheng)橡膠(jiao),約(yue)占非(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)油基合(he)成(cheng)橡膠(jiao)消費量的(de)(de)98%。但(dan)因為石(shi)(shi)油價格的(de)(de)大(da)幅上漲(zhang),同時我國在(zai)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)原(yuan)料有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)技術方面取(qu)得(de)突破,有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)技術在(zai)2005年(nian)前(qian)被(bei)幾(ji)家(jia)跨國公司壟斷(duan),但(dan)目前(qian)我國已(yi)發展成(cheng)為全球有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體第1大(da)國,這2個(ge)方面原(yuan)因使(shi)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)價格從2011年(nian)起開始(shi)低于石(shi)(shi)油基合(he)成(cheng)橡膠(jiao),僅約(yue)為大(da)宗石(shi)(shi)油基橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)80%~90%,成(cheng)為廉價的(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)橡膠(jiao),并開始(shi)大(da)規模替代石(shi)(shi)油基合(he)成(cheng)橡膠(jiao)。這將(jiang)極大(da)拓展有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)硅(gui)(gui)產(chan)業的(de)(de)市場空間,同時將(jiang)帶動硅(gui)(gui)油、硅(gui)(gui)烷偶聯劑和硅(gui)(gui)樹脂等其他有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)硅(gui)(gui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)消費。


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