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那曲硅橡膠廠家

2020-06-04 15:35:27
那曲硅橡膠廠家
詳細介(jie)紹:

硅橡膠1


硅橡膠是指主鏈由硅和(he)氧(yang)原子(zi)交替(ti)構成,硅原子(zi)上通(tong)常連有(you)兩個有(you)機(ji)基團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠。普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠主要由含甲(jia)基和(he)少量乙烯基的(de)(de)(de)硅氧(yang)鏈節組成。苯基的(de)(de)(de)引入(ru)(ru)可提高硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)高、低(di)溫性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng),三氟(fu)丙(bing)基及氰基的(de)(de)(de)引入(ru)(ru)則可提高硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)溫及耐(nai)(nai)油(you)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠耐(nai)(nai)低(di)溫性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)良好,一般在-55℃下(xia)(xia)仍(reng)能(neng)(neng)工作。引入(ru)(ru)苯基后,可達-73℃。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)熱性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)很突出,在180℃下(xia)(xia)可長(chang)期工作,稍(shao)高于200℃也(ye)能(neng)(neng)承受數周或(huo)更長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)仍(reng)有(you)彈性(xing)(xing),瞬時(shi)可耐(nai)(nai)300℃以上的(de)(de)(de)高溫。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)好,氧(yang)氣(qi)透(tou)過(guo)率(lv)在合成聚合物中是較高的(de)(de)(de)。此外,硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠還(huan)具有(you)生理惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)、不會(hui)導致凝血的(de)(de)(de)突出特(te)性(xing)(xing),因此在醫(yi)用領域(yu)應用廣泛(fan)。

主要品種

硅橡膠(jiao)分(fen)(fen)類的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)很多,通常(chang)按(an)固化前的(de)(de)(de)形態分(fen)(fen)為固體硅橡膠(jiao)和液(ye)體硅橡膠(jiao);按(an)硫(liu)化溫(wen)度(du)分(fen)(fen)為室溫(wen)硫(liu)化硅橡膠(jiao),高溫(wen)硫(liu)化硅橡膠(jiao);按(an)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)單體的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong),可分(fen)(fen)為甲(jia)基乙烯基硅橡膠(jiao),甲(jia)基苯(ben)基乙烯基硅橡膠(jiao)、氟硅,腈硅橡膠(jiao)等;按(an)性能和用(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)又可分(fen)(fen)為通用(yong)(yong)(yong)型、超耐(nai)低溫(wen)型、超耐(nai)高溫(wen)型、高強(qiang)力型、耐(nai)油(you)型、醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)型等等。

發展史

硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)早期是由美國(guo)以(yi)三氯(lv)化(hua)鐵為催化(hua)劑合(he)成的(de)。1945年(nian)(nian),硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)品問世。1948年(nian)(nian),采用高比表面(mian)積(ji)的(de)氣相(xiang)法白(bai)炭黑(hei)補強的(de)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)制成功,使硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)性(xing)能躍升到實用階段,奠定了(le)現代硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)技術的(de)基(ji)礎。從(cong)二甲基(ji)二氯(lv)硅(gui)(gui)烷合(he)成開始(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)國(guo)家有美國(guo)。俄羅斯、德國(guo)、日本(ben)、韓國(guo)和中(zhong)國(guo)等(deng)。中(zhong)國(guo)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)工業化(hua)研(yan)究(jiu)始(shi)于1957年(nian)(nian),多家研(yan)究(jiu)所和企業陸續開發(fa)出各種硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)。到2003年(nian)(nian)底,中(zhong)國(guo)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)能力為135千噸(dun),其中(zhong)高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)100千噸(dun)。

高溫硫化硅橡膠

高溫硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)是(shi)(shi)指聚硅(gui)氧烷(wan)(wan)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)彈性(xing)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程是(shi)(shi)經(jing)過高溫(110-170℃)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。它(ta)主(zhu)要以高分子量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚甲(jia)基(ji)乙烯基(ji)硅(gui)氧烷(wan)(wan)為生膠(jiao),混入補強(qiang)填(tian)料、硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)劑等,在加(jia)熱加(jia)壓下硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)彈性(xing)體。硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補強(qiang)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)各種類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白炭黑,可使硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度增加(jia)數十倍(bei)。有時為了降低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本或(huo)改(gai)善膠(jiao)料性(xing)能(neng)及賦予硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)各種特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng),也加(jia)入相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種添加(jia)劑。硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)劑是(shi)(shi)各種有機過氧化(hua)物(wu)或(huo)加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)反應催化(hua)劑。

加工成型方(fang)法如圖所示。一次硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是進行高分(fen)子(zi)鏈的(de)交聯反(fan)應;二次硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是進行補充交聯、驅除(chu)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑分(fen)解產物(wu)和其他(ta)揮發性(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)以穩(wen)定硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膠的(de)各項性(xing)能。常用的(de)設(she)備有(you)開放式煉膠機、捏(nie)合(he)機及真空密(mi)煉機。


硅橡膠1


主要性能

(1)高溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征是(shi)高溫(wen)(wen)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然常溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)僅是(shi)天然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)或某些合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)一半,但在200℃以上的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)環境下(xia)(xia),硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)仍能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)持一定的(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和表面硬度(du)(du),且(qie)力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)無明顯(xian)變化(hua)。(2)低溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃化(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)一般為-70~-50℃,特(te)(te)殊(shu)配(pei)方(fang)可達(da)-100℃,表明其低溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)異。這對(dui)(dui)航空、宇航工業的(de)(de)(de)意義重大。(3)耐(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)Si-O-Si鍵對(dui)(dui)氧、臭氧及紫外(wai)線等十分穩定,在不(bu)(bu)加任何(he)添加劑的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),就具(ju)有(you)優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)具(ju)有(you)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)絕緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),耐(nai)電暈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)電弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也非常好。(5)物理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)常溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)物理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比(bi)通用(yong)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)差,但在150℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)和-50℃的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia),其物理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)于通用(yong)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)。(6)耐(nai)油及化(hua)學(xue)試劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)等的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)油、耐(nai)溶劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。(7)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體透過(guo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。室溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)對(dui)(dui)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、氮(dan)、氧、二氧化(hua)碳等氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)透氣(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)天然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)高出30-50倍。(8)生理(li)惰性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)無毒,無味(wei),無嗅,與人體組織(zhi)不(bu)(bu)粘(zhan)連,具(ju)有(you)抗凝血作用(yong),對(dui)(dui)肌(ji)體組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)反應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非常少。特(te)(te)別適合(he)作為醫用(yong)材(cai)料。


硅橡膠的用量

據中國汽(qi)(qi)車(che)工(gong)業協會(hui)統計,2012年(nian)(nian),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產銷分別(bie)達到1927.18萬輛和1930.64萬輛,同(tong)比分別(bie)增長4.63%和4.33%,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)工(gong)業硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang)約達2.0萬t。根據觀研(yan)(yan)天下的(de)(de)新研(yan)(yan)究,增加有機(ji)硅(gui)材料在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)零部件(jian)方面的(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang),可(ke)以大(da)幅(fu)度(du)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)能(neng),因此,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產量(liang)和單(dan)車(che)用(yong)量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)都(dou)將(jiang)推動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)工(gong)業對硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)增加。國家鼓勵自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)發展,關鍵(jian)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)零部件(jian)實現自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)化,《2012年(nian)(nian)度(du)黨政(zheng)機(ji)關公務用(yong)車(che)選用(yong)車(che)型目錄(lu)(征求(qiu)意見稿)》為(wei)(wei)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)擴大(da)在(zai)政(zheng)府采(cai)購的(de)(de)市(shi)場份額,為(wei)(wei)改變(bian)目前(qian)國內政(zheng)府采(cai)購以合(he)資(zi)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)產品(pin)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)局(ju)面提(ti)(ti)供了保障(zhang)。促進自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)發展,國產汽(qi)(qi)車(che)業的(de)(de)繁榮將(jiang)為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)應用(yong)提(ti)(ti)供有力保障(zhang)。預測(ce)未(wei)來3年(nian)(nian),我國室(shi)溫硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)行業將(jiang)以年(nian)(nian)均20%增長。

此外,硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)非石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),約(yue)占非石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)98%。但(dan)因為(wei)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)價格的(de)(de)(de)(de)大幅上漲,同(tong)時(shi)我國在硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵原(yuan)(yuan)料有(you)機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)方面取得突破,有(you)機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)在2005年(nian)前被(bei)幾(ji)家跨國公司壟斷,但(dan)目前我國已發展成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)球有(you)機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)單(dan)(dan)體(ti)第1大國,這2個方面原(yuan)(yuan)因使硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格從(cong)2011年(nian)起開始低于石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),僅約(yue)為(wei)大宗石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%~90%,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)廉價的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),并開始大規模替代石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。這將(jiang)極大拓(tuo)展有(you)機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場空間(jian),同(tong)時(shi)將(jiang)帶動硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)油(you)(you)(you)、硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)烷偶聯劑和硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)樹脂等(deng)其他(ta)有(you)機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)。


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