綠色表面活性劑是由(you)天然的或可再生資源加工而(er)成的，即具有(you)(you)天然性(xing)(xing)(xing)、溫和性(xing)(xing)(xing)、刺激性(xing)(xing)(xing)小等優良(liang)特點。同傳(chuan)統(tong)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑一(yi)樣，綠(lv)色(se)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑具有(you)(you)親水基(ji)和憎水基(ji)。與傳(chuan)統(tong)的表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑相比，綠(lv)色(se)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑具有(you)(you)高效強力去(qu)污性(xing)(xing)(xing)、優良(liang)的配伍性(xing)(xing)(xing)及良(liang)好(hao)的環境相容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，并表(biao)現出良(liang)好(hao)的乳化性(xing)(xing)(xing)、洗(xi)滌性(xing)(xing)(xing)、增(zeng)溶型、潤濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)、溶解性(xing)(xing)(xing)和穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等。除此(ci)之外，每一(yi)種(zhong)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑都(dou)有(you)(you)其特有(you)(you)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，因此(ci)備受廣大(da)科學工作者(zhe)的親睞。

表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)在(zai)工(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)起著舉足輕(qing)重的(de)(de)作用(yong)，被人(ren)(ren)們形象地稱為(wei)“工(gong)業味(wei)精”。表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和使用(yong)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)及環境生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)造(zao)成(cheng)了嚴重的(de)(de)危害。在(zai)洗(xi)滌劑(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)加入一定(ding)量的(de)(de)表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)溶(rong)劑(ji)可(ke)以增強洗(xi)滌劑(ji)的(de)(de)溶(rong)解性(xing)和洗(xi)滌性(xing)，但由于這些溶(rong)劑(ji)具有一定(ding)的(de)(de)毒性(xing)，會(hui)對皮膚產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明顯的(de)(de)刺激作用(yong)。為(wei)了滿(man)足人(ren)(ren)們日益增強的(de)(de)保健需求，確保人(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境的(de)(de)可(ke)持續發展(zhan)，開發對人(ren)(ren)體(ti)盡可(ke)能無毒無害及對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境無污染的(de)(de)綠色(se)表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)勢在(zai)必行。

生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(biosurfactant）是(shi)微生物在(zai)代謝(xie)過程中(zhong)分泌(mi)出的具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)一定生物活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的次級代謝(xie)產(chan)物。與常規表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)相同，生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)由(you)(you)親水(shui)基和憎水(shui)基兩(liang)部分組成(cheng)，但生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)比合成(cheng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)更(geng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)在(zai)的優勢：①可(ke)(ke)生物降解(jie)，無毒或低毒，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)的環(huan)境相容性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；②可(ke)(ke)用(yong)工業(ye)廢物生產(chan)，以減少工業(ye)三(san)廢；③具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)更(geng)高(gao)的起泡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)某些苛刻條件（如(ru)極(ji)端溫度(du)、pH、鹽濃度(du)）下具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)更(geng)高(gao)的選擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和專一性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；④結構多(duo)種多(duo)樣，可(ke)(ke)適用(yong)于特(te)殊領(ling)域。目前(qian)生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的應用(yong)已經涉及到石油、化工以及環(huan)境等(deng)(deng)眾多(duo)領(ling)域。  最初人們對生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)感興趣，主要(yao)是(shi)由(you)(you)于其具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)效、低毒、無污染，可(ke)(ke)替(ti)代化學(xue)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)優點。近(jin)年來研究發現，生物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)除具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的功能外(wai)，還(huan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)在(zai)的抗菌活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，包括抗真(zhen)菌、抗細菌、抗支原體和抗病毒等(deng)(deng)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，此外(wai)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)在(zai)免疫(yi)調節分子、粘合劑(ji)、疫(yi)苗及基因治療等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)(mian)。