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南通硅橡膠廠家

2020-06-04 15:35:27
南通硅橡膠廠家
詳(xiang)細介紹:

硅橡膠1


硅橡膠是(shi)指(zhi)主(zhu)鏈由(you)硅(gui)和氧原(yuan)子交(jiao)替構成(cheng),硅(gui)原(yuan)子上通(tong)常連有(you)兩個有(you)機基(ji)團的(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)。普通(tong)的(de)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)主(zhu)要由(you)含甲基(ji)和少(shao)量乙烯基(ji)的(de)硅(gui)氧鏈節組成(cheng)。苯(ben)基(ji)的(de)引(yin)入可提(ti)高硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)高、低溫(wen)性能(neng),三氟(fu)丙基(ji)及(ji)氰基(ji)的(de)引(yin)入則(ze)可提(ti)高硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)溫(wen)及(ji)耐(nai)油(you)性能(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)耐(nai)低溫(wen)性能(neng)良好(hao),一般在(zai)(zai)-55℃下仍能(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)。引(yin)入苯(ben)基(ji)后(hou),可達-73℃。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)熱性能(neng)也很(hen)突出(chu),在(zai)(zai)180℃下可長期工(gong)作(zuo),稍高于200℃也能(neng)承受數(shu)周或更(geng)長時間(jian)仍有(you)彈性,瞬時可耐(nai)300℃以上的(de)高溫(wen)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)透(tou)(tou)氣性好(hao),氧氣透(tou)(tou)過率在(zai)(zai)合(he)成(cheng)聚合(he)物中(zhong)是(shi)較高的(de)。此外,硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)還具有(you)生理惰性、不(bu)會導致(zhi)凝血的(de)突出(chu)特(te)性,因此在(zai)(zai)醫用領域(yu)應用廣泛。

主要品種

硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠分(fen)類的(de)方法很多,通常按(an)(an)固化前的(de)形態(tai)分(fen)為固體硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠和(he)液體硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠;按(an)(an)硫化溫(wen)度分(fen)為室溫(wen)硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,高溫(wen)硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠;按(an)(an)所(suo)用(yong)單體的(de)不同,可分(fen)為甲基(ji)(ji)乙烯基(ji)(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,甲基(ji)(ji)苯基(ji)(ji)乙烯基(ji)(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠、氟硅(gui),腈硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠等;按(an)(an)性能和(he)用(yong)途的(de)不同又可分(fen)為通用(yong)型(xing)、超(chao)耐(nai)低溫(wen)型(xing)、超(chao)耐(nai)高溫(wen)型(xing)、高強力型(xing)、耐(nai)油型(xing)、醫用(yong)型(xing)等等。

發展史

硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早期是(shi)由美國(guo)以三氯化(hua)(hua)鐵為(wei)催化(hua)(hua)劑合(he)成的。1945年(nian),硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產品(pin)問(wen)世。1948年(nian),采用高比(bi)表面積的氣(qi)相法白炭黑補強的硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研制成功,使硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的性(xing)能(neng)躍(yue)升到實用階(jie)段,奠定了現代硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產技術的基礎。從二甲基二氯硅烷(wan)合(he)成開(kai)始生(sheng)產硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的國(guo)家有美國(guo)。俄羅斯、德國(guo)、日本、韓國(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)等。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的工(gong)業化(hua)(hua)研究(jiu)始于(yu)1957年(nian),多家研究(jiu)所和企(qi)業陸續開(kai)發(fa)出各種硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。到2003年(nian)底,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產能(neng)力為(wei)135千(qian)噸,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)100千(qian)噸。

高溫硫化硅橡膠

高(gao)溫(wen)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)硅橡膠(jiao)是指(zhi)聚(ju)硅氧(yang)烷變(bian)成(cheng)彈性(xing)體的(de)過程是經過高(gao)溫(wen)(110-170℃)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)型的(de)。它主要以高(gao)分子量的(de)聚(ju)甲(jia)基(ji)乙烯基(ji)硅氧(yang)烷為生膠(jiao),混(hun)入補強填料(liao)、硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)劑等,在加(jia)熱加(jia)壓下硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)彈性(xing)體。硅橡膠(jiao)的(de)補強主要是各種(zhong)(zhong)類型的(de)白炭黑,可使硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)的(de)強度增加(jia)數十倍。有時為了降低成(cheng)本或改善(shan)膠(jiao)料(liao)性(xing)能及(ji)賦予硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)各種(zhong)(zhong)特殊的(de)性(xing)能,也加(jia)入相應的(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)添(tian)加(jia)劑。硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)劑是各種(zhong)(zhong)有機過氧(yang)化(hua)物或加(jia)成(cheng)反應催化(hua)劑。

加工(gong)成型方法如圖所示。一次硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是進行高(gao)分子鏈的(de)(de)交聯反應(ying);二次硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是進行補充交聯、驅除(chu)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)劑分解產物和其他揮發性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)合物以穩定硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)膠的(de)(de)各(ge)項性(xing)(xing)能。常用的(de)(de)設備有開放式煉膠機、捏合機及真空密煉機。


硅橡膠1


主要性能

(1)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征是高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然(ran)常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)強度僅是天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或某(mou)些(xie)合(he)成橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)一半,但(dan)(dan)在200℃以上的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)境下,硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)仍(reng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)持一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和表面硬度,且力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)無明顯變化。(2)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃化溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度一般為-70~-50℃,特(te)(te)殊配方可(ke)達(da)-100℃,表明其低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)異。這對(dui)(dui)航空、宇航工業的(de)(de)(de)意義重大。(3)耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)Si-O-Si鍵對(dui)(dui)氧(yang)、臭氧(yang)及紫(zi)外線等(deng)(deng)十分穩定(ding),在不加任何添加劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)情況下,就具(ju)有優(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),耐(nai)(nai)電暈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)(nai)電弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也非(fei)常好。(5)物(wu)(wu)理機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比通(tong)用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差,但(dan)(dan)在150℃的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和-50℃的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下,其物(wu)(wu)理機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)于通(tong)用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。(6)耐(nai)(nai)油及化學試劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通(tong)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)油、耐(nai)(nai)溶劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。(7)氣體(ti)透(tou)(tou)過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)(dui)空氣、氮(dan)、氧(yang)、二氧(yang)化碳等(deng)(deng)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高出30-50倍。(8)生理惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無毒,無味,無嗅,與人體(ti)組(zu)織不粘連,具(ju)有抗凝(ning)血(xue)作用(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)肌體(ti)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)反應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非(fei)常少。特(te)(te)別(bie)適合(he)作為醫用(yong)(yong)材料(liao)。


硅橡膠的用量

據中國汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)協會統計,2012年(nian)(nian),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)銷分(fen)別達(da)到(dao)1927.18萬輛和1930.64萬輛,同比分(fen)別增(zeng)長4.63%和4.33%,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠的用量約達(da)2.0萬t。根據觀研天下的新研究,增(zeng)加有機(ji)硅(gui)材(cai)料在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)零(ling)部件(jian)方面的用量,可以(yi)大(da)幅度提(ti)(ti)高汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的安全性(xing)能,因此,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)量和單車(che)(che)用量水(shui)平的提(ti)(ti)高都將推動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)對硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠需(xu)求的增(zeng)加。國家鼓勵自主品牌(pai)(pai)的汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)發(fa)展,關(guan)(guan)鍵汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)零(ling)部件(jian)實現自主化,《2012年(nian)(nian)度黨(dang)政機(ji)關(guan)(guan)公務用車(che)(che)選用車(che)(che)型目錄(lu)(征求意見(jian)稿)》為(wei)自主品牌(pai)(pai)擴大(da)在政府采(cai)購的市場份額,為(wei)改變目前國內政府采(cai)購以(yi)合(he)資(zi)品牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)(chan)品為(wei)主的局面提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了保(bao)障(zhang)。促進自主品牌(pai)(pai)發(fa)展,國產(chan)(chan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)業(ye)的繁(fan)榮將為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)膠的應用提(ti)(ti)供(gong)有力(li)保(bao)障(zhang)。預測未來3年(nian)(nian),我(wo)國室(shi)溫硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)行業(ye)將以(yi)年(nian)(nian)均20%增(zeng)長。

此外(wai),硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)是重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)非石油基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡膠(jiao),約占(zhan)非石油基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡膠(jiao)消費(fei)(fei)量(liang)的(de)(de)98%。但因為石油價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)大幅上漲,同(tong)時我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)關鍵原料有(you)(you)(you)機硅(gui)單體的(de)(de)生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)面取得突(tu)破,有(you)(you)(you)機硅(gui)單體的(de)(de)生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)2005年(nian)前被幾家跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公司壟斷,但目(mu)前我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已發展成(cheng)(cheng)為全(quan)球有(you)(you)(you)機硅(gui)單體第1大國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),這2個方(fang)面原因使硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)從(cong)2011年(nian)起開始低于石油基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡膠(jiao),僅約為大宗石油基橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)80%~90%,成(cheng)(cheng)為廉價(jia)的(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡膠(jiao),并開始大規(gui)模替代石油基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡膠(jiao)。這將極大拓展有(you)(you)(you)機硅(gui)產(chan)業的(de)(de)市場空間(jian),同(tong)時將帶動硅(gui)油、硅(gui)烷(wan)偶聯劑和(he)硅(gui)樹(shu)脂等(deng)其他有(you)(you)(you)機硅(gui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)。


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