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臨沂硅橡膠/通用型、超耐低溫型、超耐高溫型、高強力型、耐油型、醫用型

2020-06-04 15:23:20
臨沂硅橡膠/通用型、超耐低溫型、超耐高溫型、高強力型、耐油型、醫用型
詳細介紹:

硅橡膠1


硅橡膠是指主鏈(lian)(lian)由硅(gui)(gui)(gui)和氧原子(zi)交替構成(cheng),硅(gui)(gui)(gui)原子(zi)上(shang)(shang)通常連有兩個有機基(ji)團的(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)。普通的(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)主要(yao)由含甲(jia)基(ji)和少量乙烯(xi)基(ji)的(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)氧鏈(lian)(lian)節組成(cheng)。苯基(ji)的(de)引入可(ke)提高硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)高、低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能,三氟丙基(ji)及氰基(ji)的(de)引入則可(ke)提高硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)(wen)及耐(nai)(nai)油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能良好,一般在-55℃下仍(reng)能工作。引入苯基(ji)后,可(ke)達(da)-73℃。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)耐(nai)(nai)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能也很突出(chu),在180℃下可(ke)長期工作,稍高于(yu)200℃也能承(cheng)受數周或更長時(shi)間仍(reng)有彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing),瞬時(shi)可(ke)耐(nai)(nai)300℃以上(shang)(shang)的(de)高溫(wen)(wen)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)透氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)好,氧氣透過率(lv)在合成(cheng)聚合物中是較(jiao)高的(de)。此外,硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)還(huan)具有生(sheng)理惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、不會導致凝血的(de)突出(chu)特性(xing)(xing)(xing),因此在醫(yi)用領域應用廣泛。

主要品種

硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠分(fen)類的(de)(de)方法很多,通常按固化(hua)(hua)前的(de)(de)形(xing)態分(fen)為(wei)(wei)固體(ti)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠和液體(ti)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠;按硫化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度分(fen)為(wei)(wei)室溫(wen)硫化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠,高(gao)溫(wen)硫化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠;按所用單(dan)體(ti)的(de)(de)不(bu)同,可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)乙烯基(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠,甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)基(ji)(ji)(ji)乙烯基(ji)(ji)(ji)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠、氟(fu)硅(gui)(gui),腈硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠等;按性能(neng)和用途的(de)(de)不(bu)同又(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)通用型、超耐(nai)(nai)(nai)低溫(wen)型、超耐(nai)(nai)(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)型、高(gao)強力型、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油(you)型、醫(yi)用型等等。

發展史

硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早期(qi)是由美國(guo)(guo)以三氯化鐵為催化劑合成(cheng)的。1945年,硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)品問世。1948年,采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)比表(biao)面積(ji)的氣相法白炭黑補強的硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研制成(cheng)功,使硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的性能躍升(sheng)到(dao)實用(yong)階段,奠(dian)定了現代硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)技術的基(ji)礎。從二(er)甲基(ji)二(er)氯硅(gui)(gui)烷合成(cheng)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的國(guo)(guo)家有美國(guo)(guo)。俄羅斯(si)、德國(guo)(guo)、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)等。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的工業化研究始(shi)(shi)于1957年,多家研究所和(he)(he)企業陸續開(kai)發出各(ge)種硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。到(dao)2003年底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)硅(gui)(gui)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)能力為135千噸,其中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)溫膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)100千噸。

高溫硫化硅橡膠

高(gao)溫(wen)硫(liu)化(hua)硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)是(shi)指(zhi)聚硅氧(yang)(yang)烷變成(cheng)(cheng)彈(dan)性(xing)體的(de)過程是(shi)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(110-170℃)硫(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)的(de)。它主(zhu)要以高(gao)分子量的(de)聚甲基乙(yi)烯基硅氧(yang)(yang)烷為(wei)生膠(jiao),混入補(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)填料、硫(liu)化(hua)劑(ji)等,在(zai)加(jia)熱加(jia)壓(ya)下硫(liu)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)彈(dan)性(xing)體。硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)補(bu)強(qiang)(qiang)主(zhu)要是(shi)各種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)白(bai)炭黑,可使硫(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度增加(jia)數十倍。有(you)時為(wei)了降低成(cheng)(cheng)本或改善(shan)膠(jiao)料性(xing)能及賦予硫(liu)化(hua)膠(jiao)各種(zhong)特殊的(de)性(xing)能,也加(jia)入相應的(de)各種(zhong)添加(jia)劑(ji)。硫(liu)化(hua)劑(ji)是(shi)各種(zhong)有(you)機過氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物或加(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)應催化(hua)劑(ji)。

加工成型方法如(ru)圖所(suo)示。一次硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是進行高分(fen)子鏈的(de)交聯反(fan)應(ying);二次硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是進行補充交聯、驅除硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)分(fen)解產物和(he)其他揮(hui)發性(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物以穩(wen)定硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膠的(de)各項性(xing)能。常用(yong)的(de)設備有開放式煉膠機、捏合機及真空密煉機。


硅橡膠1


主要性能

(1)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著的(de)特征是高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然常溫(wen)(wen)下硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)強度僅是天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或某(mou)些(xie)合成橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)一半,但在200℃以上的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)環境(jing)下,硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)仍能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)持(chi)一定的(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回(hui)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)表面硬度,且力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)無明顯(xian)變化(hua)(hua)。(2)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)玻璃化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度一般為-70~-50℃,特殊配方(fang)可達-100℃,表明其低(di)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)異。這對(dui)航空、宇(yu)航工業的(de)意義重大。(3)耐(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中Si-O-Si鍵對(dui)氧(yang)、臭氧(yang)及紫外線等十(shi)分(fen)穩(wen)定,在不加任(ren)何添加劑的(de)情況下,就具(ju)有(you)優(you)良的(de)耐(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有(you)優(you)異的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),耐(nai)電暈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐(nai)電弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)非(fei)常好(hao)。(5)物(wu)理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常溫(wen)(wen)下的(de)物(wu)理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比(bi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)用橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差,但在150℃的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)-50℃的(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)下,其物(wu)理(li)機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)于通(tong)(tong)(tong)用橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。(6)耐(nai)油及化(hua)(hua)學試劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通(tong)(tong)(tong)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有(you)中等的(de)耐(nai)油、耐(nai)溶劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。(7)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)透(tou)(tou)過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。室溫(wen)(wen)下硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)空氣(qi)(qi)、氮、氧(yang)、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳等氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)透(tou)(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)出30-50倍。(8)生理(li)惰性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無毒,無味,無嗅,與(yu)人(ren)體(ti)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)不粘(zhan)連,具(ju)有(you)抗凝(ning)血作用,對(dui)肌體(ti)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)反(fan)應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非(fei)常少。特別(bie)適合作為醫用材(cai)料。


硅橡膠的用量

據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)工業(ye)協會(hui)統(tong)計,2012年(nian)(nian),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷分(fen)別達到1927.18萬(wan)輛(liang)和1930.64萬(wan)輛(liang),同比分(fen)別增(zeng)長(chang)4.63%和4.33%,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)工業(ye)硅橡(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約達2.0萬(wan)t。根(gen)據(ju)觀研天(tian)下的(de)(de)(de)新研究,增(zeng)加有機硅材料(liao)在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)零部件方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang),可以大幅度(du)(du)提高汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)安全性能,因此,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和單(dan)車(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)水平的(de)(de)(de)提高都將(jiang)推動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)工業(ye)對(dui)硅橡(xiang)膠需求的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加。國(guo)家(jia)鼓(gu)勵(li)自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)發展,關鍵汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)零部件實現自主(zhu)化(hua),《2012年(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)黨(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)機關公務用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)型目錄(征求意見稿)》為(wei)(wei)自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)擴(kuo)大在政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)(de)(de)市場份額,為(wei)(wei)改變目前國(guo)內(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)以合資(zi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)(mian)提供(gong)了保(bao)障。促進(jin)自主(zhu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)發展,國(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)繁榮(rong)將(jiang)為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)膠的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)提供(gong)有力保(bao)障。預測未來3年(nian)(nian),我(wo)國(guo)室溫硫化(hua)硅橡(xiang)膠在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)行業(ye)將(jiang)以年(nian)(nian)均(jun)20%增(zeng)長(chang)。

此外(wai),硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)是重要的(de)(de)非石油(you)基合成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),約占非石油(you)基合成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)消(xiao)費量的(de)(de)98%。但因為(wei)石油(you)價(jia)格的(de)(de)大幅上(shang)漲(zhang),同(tong)時(shi)我(wo)國(guo)在硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)關鍵原料有機硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體的(de)(de)生產技術(shu)方面取得突破,有機硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體的(de)(de)生產技術(shu)在2005年前被幾家跨國(guo)公司(si)壟斷(duan),但目前我(wo)國(guo)已發展成為(wei)全球有機硅(gui)(gui)單(dan)體第1大國(guo),這2個方面原因使硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)價(jia)格從2011年起開始低于(yu)石油(you)基合成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),僅約為(wei)大宗石油(you)基橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)80%~90%,成為(wei)廉價(jia)的(de)(de)合成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),并開始大規(gui)模替代石油(you)基合成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)。這將極大拓(tuo)展有機硅(gui)(gui)產業的(de)(de)市場(chang)空間,同(tong)時(shi)將帶動硅(gui)(gui)油(you)、硅(gui)(gui)烷偶聯劑和硅(gui)(gui)樹脂等其他有機硅(gui)(gui)產品的(de)(de)消(xiao)費。


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