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楚雄硅橡膠/氟硅,腈硅橡膠

2020-06-04 15:10:06
楚雄硅橡膠/氟硅,腈硅橡膠
詳細(xi)介紹:

硅橡膠1


硅橡膠是(shi)指(zhi)主(zhu)鏈由硅(gui)和氧(yang)原(yuan)子交(jiao)替構成(cheng),硅(gui)原(yuan)子上通(tong)(tong)常連有(you)(you)兩個有(you)(you)機(ji)基(ji)(ji)團(tuan)的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)。普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)主(zhu)要(yao)由含甲基(ji)(ji)和少量乙烯基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)硅(gui)氧(yang)鏈節組成(cheng)。苯基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)耐(nai)高(gao)、低溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng),三氟(fu)丙基(ji)(ji)及氰基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)則可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)耐(nai)溫(wen)(wen)及耐(nai)油(you)性能(neng)。硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)耐(nai)低溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)良(liang)好(hao),一般在(zai)-55℃下仍能(neng)工作(zuo)。引(yin)入(ru)(ru)苯基(ji)(ji)后(hou),可(ke)達-73℃。硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)耐(nai)熱性能(neng)也很突(tu)出,在(zai)180℃下可(ke)長期工作(zuo),稍高(gao)于200℃也能(neng)承受數周或更(geng)長時(shi)間(jian)仍有(you)(you)彈性,瞬(shun)時(shi)可(ke)耐(nai)300℃以上的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)。硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)的(de)(de)透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性好(hao),氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)透(tou)過率在(zai)合(he)成(cheng)聚(ju)合(he)物中是(shi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)。此(ci)外,硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)還具有(you)(you)生理惰(duo)性、不會導致(zhi)凝(ning)血的(de)(de)突(tu)出特性,因此(ci)在(zai)醫用領域應(ying)用廣泛。

主要品種

硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠分(fen)類(lei)的方法很多(duo),通(tong)常按(an)(an)固化前的形態分(fen)為(wei)固體(ti)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠和液體(ti)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠;按(an)(an)硫化溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)分(fen)為(wei)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠,高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)硫化硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠;按(an)(an)所(suo)用(yong)單體(ti)的不(bu)同,可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)甲(jia)基(ji)乙烯基(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠,甲(jia)基(ji)苯基(ji)乙烯基(ji)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠、氟硅(gui),腈硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠等(deng);按(an)(an)性能(neng)和用(yong)途(tu)的不(bu)同又可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)通(tong)用(yong)型(xing)、超耐(nai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)型(xing)、超耐(nai)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)型(xing)、高強力型(xing)、耐(nai)油型(xing)、醫用(yong)型(xing)等(deng)等(deng)。

發展史

硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)早期是由美國(guo)(guo)以三氯化鐵(tie)為催化劑合成的(de)(de)。1945年,硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)品問世。1948年,采用高比表面積(ji)的(de)(de)氣相法白炭黑(hei)補(bu)強(qiang)的(de)(de)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)制(zhi)成功,使硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)性能躍(yue)升到(dao)(dao)實用階段,奠定了(le)現代硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)技術(shu)的(de)(de)基礎。從二甲基二氯硅(gui)烷合成開(kai)始生產(chan)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家有美國(guo)(guo)。俄羅斯(si)、德國(guo)(guo)、日本、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)等。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)工業(ye)化研(yan)究始于(yu)1957年,多家研(yan)究所和(he)企業(ye)陸續開(kai)發出各種硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)。到(dao)(dao)2003年底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)能力為135千噸,其中(zhong)(zhong)高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)100千噸。

高溫硫化硅橡膠

高溫(wen)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠是(shi)指聚硅(gui)氧(yang)烷變成彈性(xing)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)過程是(shi)經(jing)過高溫(wen)(110-170℃)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。它(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)以高分子量的(de)(de)(de)聚甲(jia)基乙烯基硅(gui)氧(yang)烷為生膠,混入補強填(tian)料、硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)等,在加(jia)熱加(jia)壓下硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成彈性(xing)體(ti)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)補強主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)各(ge)(ge)種類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)白炭黑,可使(shi)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膠的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)增加(jia)數(shu)十倍(bei)。有時為了(le)降低成本或改善膠料性(xing)能(neng)及(ji)賦予硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膠各(ge)(ge)種特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng),也加(jia)入相應的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種添加(jia)劑(ji)。硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)是(shi)各(ge)(ge)種有機過氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物或加(jia)成反應催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)。

加(jia)工成型(xing)方(fang)法如圖所(suo)示。一(yi)次硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)目的(de)是進(jin)行高分子鏈的(de)交(jiao)聯反(fan)應;二(er)次硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的(de)目的(de)是進(jin)行補充(chong)交(jiao)聯、驅除硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)劑分解(jie)產物和其他(ta)揮發性(xing)化(hua)(hua)合物以穩定硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)膠的(de)各項(xiang)性(xing)能。常用的(de)設備有開(kai)放(fang)式煉膠機、捏合機及真空(kong)密煉機。


硅橡膠1


主要性能

(1)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)顯著的(de)(de)(de)特征是高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然常(chang)溫(wen)下(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)強度僅是天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)或某些合成橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)一半(ban),但(dan)在(zai)200℃以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)環(huan)境下(xia),硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)仍能(neng)(neng)保持一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和表面硬度,且力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)無明顯變化。(2)低溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃(li)化溫(wen)度一般為-70~-50℃,特殊配方可達-100℃,表明其低溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)優異。這(zhe)對航(hang)空、宇航(hang)工業的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)重(zhong)大。(3)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)中Si-O-Si鍵(jian)對氧(yang)、臭氧(yang)及紫外線等(deng)十分穩(wen)(wen)定(ding),在(zai)不加任何(he)添加劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),就具(ju)(ju)(ju)有優良的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有優異的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng),耐(nai)(nai)(nai)電(dian)暈(yun)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)(nai)(nai)電(dian)弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也非常(chang)好。(5)物(wu)理(li)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)比通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)差(cha),但(dan)在(zai)150℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)和-50℃的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)下(xia),其物(wu)理(li)機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)優于(yu)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)。(6)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油(you)(you)及化學試劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通(tong)(tong)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有中等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油(you)(you)、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溶劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。(7)氣體透過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。室(shi)溫(wen)下(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)對空氣、氮、氧(yang)、二氧(yang)化碳等(deng)氣體的(de)(de)(de)透氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)出30-50倍。(8)生理(li)惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)無毒,無味,無嗅(xiu),與人體組(zu)織不粘(zhan)連,具(ju)(ju)(ju)有抗凝血作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),對肌體組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)反應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非常(chang)少。特別適合作(zuo)為醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)材料。


硅橡膠的用量

據中國(guo)汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)協會統計,2012年(nian),汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)銷分(fen)別達到1927.18萬輛(liang)和(he)1930.64萬輛(liang),同(tong)比分(fen)別增長4.63%和(he)4.33%,汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)用(yong)量(liang)約達2.0萬t。根據觀研(yan)天(tian)下(xia)的(de)新研(yan)究(jiu),增加有機(ji)(ji)硅(gui)材料在汽(qi)車(che)零部(bu)(bu)件方(fang)面的(de)用(yong)量(liang),可以大幅度提(ti)高汽(qi)車(che)的(de)安全性能,因此,汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)單車(che)用(yong)量(liang)水平的(de)提(ti)高都將推動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業(ye)對硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)需求(qiu)的(de)增加。國(guo)家(jia)鼓勵(li)自主(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)發展(zhan),關(guan)(guan)鍵汽(qi)車(che)零部(bu)(bu)件實(shi)現(xian)自主(zhu)化(hua),《2012年(nian)度黨政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)公(gong)務用(yong)車(che)選用(yong)車(che)型(xing)目(mu)錄(lu)(征求(qiu)意見稿(gao))》為(wei)(wei)(wei)自主(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)擴大在政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采購的(de)市場份額,為(wei)(wei)(wei)改變目(mu)前國(guo)內政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采購以合資品(pin)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)局面提(ti)供了保障(zhang)。促進自主(zhu)品(pin)牌(pai)發展(zhan),國(guo)產(chan)(chan)汽(qi)車(che)業(ye)的(de)繁榮將為(wei)(wei)(wei)汽(qi)車(che)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)應用(yong)提(ti)供有力(li)保障(zhang)。預測未來3年(nian),我(wo)國(guo)室溫硫化(hua)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)在汽(qi)車(che)行業(ye)將以年(nian)均20%增長。

此(ci)外,硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)是(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)石(shi)油(you)基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),約占非(fei)石(shi)油(you)基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)消(xiao)費量的(de)(de)(de)(de)98%。但因為石(shi)油(you)價格的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)幅上(shang)漲,同(tong)時我國(guo)在硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵原(yuan)料有(you)機硅(gui)(gui)(gui)單體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術方面(mian)取得突(tu)破,有(you)機硅(gui)(gui)(gui)單體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術在2005年前(qian)被幾家跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司壟斷,但目前(qian)我國(guo)已發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)為全球有(you)機硅(gui)(gui)(gui)單體(ti)第1大(da)國(guo),這2個方面(mian)原(yuan)因使硅(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格從2011年起開始(shi)低于石(shi)油(you)基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),僅約為大(da)宗(zong)石(shi)油(you)基橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%~90%,成(cheng)(cheng)為廉價的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),并開始(shi)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)替(ti)代(dai)石(shi)油(you)基合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)。這將極大(da)拓(tuo)展(zhan)有(you)機硅(gui)(gui)(gui)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場空間,同(tong)時將帶動硅(gui)(gui)(gui)油(you)、硅(gui)(gui)(gui)烷(wan)偶聯(lian)劑和(he)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)樹(shu)脂等(deng)其他有(you)機硅(gui)(gui)(gui)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費。


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