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保山硅橡膠/固體硅橡膠/液體硅橡膠

2020-06-04 14:57:07
保山硅橡膠/固體硅橡膠/液體硅橡膠
詳細介紹:

硅橡膠1


    硅橡膠是指(zhi)主(zhu)鏈(lian)由(you)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)和氧原子交替構成(cheng),硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)原子上通(tong)常連(lian)有兩個有機基(ji)團的橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)。普通(tong)的硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)含(han)甲基(ji)和少量(liang)乙烯基(ji)的硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)氧鏈(lian)節組(zu)成(cheng)。苯基(ji)的引入(ru)可提高(gao)(gao)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的耐高(gao)(gao)、低溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng),三(san)氟丙基(ji)及氰(qing)基(ji)的引入(ru)則可提高(gao)(gao)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的耐溫(wen)及耐油性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)耐低溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)良好(hao),一(yi)般在-55℃下(xia)仍能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)。引入(ru)苯基(ji)后,可達(da)-73℃。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的耐熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)很突出,在180℃下(xia)可長期工(gong)作(zuo),稍高(gao)(gao)于200℃也(ye)能(neng)(neng)承(cheng)受(shou)數周或更長時(shi)間仍有彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing),瞬時(shi)可耐300℃以上的高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的透(tou)氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao),氧氣透(tou)過率在合成(cheng)聚合物中(zhong)是較高(gao)(gao)的。此外,硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)還具有生理惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、不會(hui)導致凝(ning)血的突出特性(xing)(xing)(xing),因(yin)此在醫用領域(yu)應用廣泛。

    主要品種

    硅橡(xiang)膠分類(lei)的方法很多,通常(chang)按固化

    前的(de)形態分(fen)(fen)為(wei)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)和液體(ti)(ti)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao);按硫(liu)化溫(wen)度(du)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)室溫(wen)硫(liu)化硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),高溫(wen)硫(liu)化硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao);按所(suo)用(yong)(yong)單體(ti)(ti)的(de)不同,可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)甲(jia)基(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao),甲(jia)基(ji)苯(ben)基(ji)乙(yi)烯(xi)基(ji)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)、氟硅,腈硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)等(deng);按性(xing)能和用(yong)(yong)途(tu)的(de)不同又(you)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)通用(yong)(yong)型(xing)、超耐(nai)低溫(wen)型(xing)、超耐(nai)高溫(wen)型(xing)、高強力型(xing)、耐(nai)油型(xing)、醫用(yong)(yong)型(xing)等(deng)等(deng)。

    發(fa)展史

    硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)期是(shi)由(you)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以三氯(lv)化鐵為(wei)(wei)催化劑合(he)成的(de)(de)。1945年(nian),硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產品問世。1948年(nian),采用(yong)高比表面積的(de)(de)氣(qi)相法白(bai)炭黑補強的(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)制成功,使硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)性能躍升到實用(yong)階段,奠定了現代硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產技術的(de)(de)基礎。從二甲基二氯(lv)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)烷合(he)成開始(shi)生產硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家有美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。俄羅斯、德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)工(gong)業化研(yan)究(jiu)始(shi)于1957年(nian),多家研(yan)究(jiu)所和企業陸續開發出(chu)各(ge)種硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。到2003年(nian)底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產能力為(wei)(wei)135千(qian)噸(dun)(dun),其中(zhong)(zhong)高溫膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)100千(qian)噸(dun)(dun)。

    高溫硫(liu)化硅(gui)橡膠(jiao)

    高溫硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)是指(zhi)聚(ju)硅(gui)(gui)氧(yang)烷變(bian)成彈性(xing)體的(de)(de)過程是經過高溫(110-170℃)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)成型的(de)(de)。它主要以(yi)高分子量(liang)的(de)(de)聚(ju)甲基乙烯基硅(gui)(gui)氧(yang)烷為生膠(jiao)(jiao),混入補強(qiang)填(tian)料、硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)劑等,在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓下硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)成彈性(xing)體。硅(gui)(gui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)補強(qiang)主要是各種類型的(de)(de)白炭黑,可使硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度增加(jia)(jia)(jia)數十(shi)倍。有時為了(le)降低成本(ben)或改(gai)善(shan)膠(jiao)(jiao)料性(xing)能及賦(fu)予硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)膠(jiao)(jiao)各種特殊的(de)(de)性(xing)能,也加(jia)(jia)(jia)入相應(ying)的(de)(de)各種添(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑。硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)劑是各種有機過氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物或加(jia)(jia)(jia)成反(fan)應(ying)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)劑。

    加(jia)工成型(xing)方法(fa)如(ru)圖所示。一(yi)次硫(liu)化(hua)的目(mu)(mu)的是進行(xing)(xing)高分(fen)子(zi)鏈的交聯(lian)(lian)反(fan)應(ying);二次硫(liu)化(hua)的目(mu)(mu)的是進行(xing)(xing)補(bu)充交聯(lian)(lian)、驅除硫(liu)化(hua)劑(ji)分(fen)解產物(wu)和其他揮發性(xing)化(hua)合物(wu)以穩定(ding)硫(liu)化(hua)膠的各(ge)項性(xing)能。常用(yong)的設備有開(kai)放(fang)式煉膠機、捏合機及真空(kong)密煉機。


硅橡膠1


    主要性(xing)能

   (1)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)顯(xian)著的(de)特征是高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),雖然常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)強度(du)(du)僅是天然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)或某些合成橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)一半,但在200℃以上的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下(xia),硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)仍(reng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保持一定(ding)(ding)的(de)柔韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、回彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和表面(mian)硬度(du)(du),且力(li)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)無明顯(xian)變化(hua)(hua)。(2)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)玻璃(li)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)一般為-70~-50℃,特殊配方可達-100℃,表明其(qi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)異。這對航空(kong)、宇航工(gong)業(ye)的(de)意義重大。(3)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)中Si-O-Si鍵對氧、臭氧及(ji)紫外(wai)線等十分穩定(ding)(ding),在不(bu)加任何添加劑的(de)情況下(xia),就具有(you)(you)優(you)良的(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。(4)電(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)具有(you)(you)優(you)異的(de)絕緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),耐(nai)(nai)(nai)電(dian)暈(yun)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)(nai)(nai)電(dian)弧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)非常好。(5)物理機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)的(de)物理機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)比(bi)通用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)差(cha),但在150℃的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和-50℃的(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia),其(qi)物理機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)優(you)于通用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)。(6)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油及(ji)化(hua)(hua)學試劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。普通硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)具有(you)(you)中等的(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溶劑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。(7)氣(qi)體透過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)對空(kong)氣(qi)、氮(dan)、氧、二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)等氣(qi)體的(de)透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)天然橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)高(gao)(gao)出30-50倍(bei)。(8)生理惰性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。硅(gui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)無毒(du),無味,無嗅,與(yu)人(ren)體組織(zhi)不(bu)粘(zhan)連(lian),具有(you)(you)抗凝血作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),對肌體組織(zhi)的(de)反應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非常少。特別適(shi)合作(zuo)為醫用(yong)(yong)材料(liao)。


    硅(gui)橡膠的用量

    據中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會統計,2012年(nian),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)產(chan)銷分(fen)別(bie)達(da)到(dao)1927.18萬輛和1930.64萬輛,同比分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)長(chang)4.63%和4.33%,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)硅橡膠(jiao)的用(yong)量約(yue)達(da)2.0萬t。根(gen)據觀研(yan)天下的新研(yan)究,增(zeng)加有機(ji)(ji)硅材料(liao)在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)零(ling)部件(jian)方面的用(yong)量,可以大幅度提(ti)高汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的安全(quan)性能,因此,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)產(chan)量和單車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)量水平的提(ti)高都將(jiang)推動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)對(dui)硅橡膠(jiao)需求的增(zeng)加。國(guo)(guo)家鼓勵自(zi)(zi)主品牌(pai)(pai)的汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)發展(zhan),關(guan)鍵(jian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)零(ling)部件(jian)實現自(zi)(zi)主化(hua),《2012年(nian)度黨政機(ji)(ji)關(guan)公(gong)務用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)選(xuan)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)型(xing)目錄(征求意見稿)》為(wei)自(zi)(zi)主品牌(pai)(pai)擴(kuo)大在政府采購的市場(chang)份額,為(wei)改(gai)變(bian)目前(qian)國(guo)(guo)內政府采購以合資(zi)品牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)品為(wei)主的局面提(ti)供了保(bao)(bao)障。促進(jin)自(zi)(zi)主品牌(pai)(pai)發展(zhan),國(guo)(guo)產(chan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)業(ye)(ye)的繁(fan)榮將(jiang)為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)膠(jiao)的應用(yong)提(ti)供有力保(bao)(bao)障。預測未來3年(nian),我國(guo)(guo)室溫(wen)硫化(hua)硅橡膠(jiao)在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)以年(nian)均20%增(zeng)長(chang)。

    此外,硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠是重要的(de)非石(shi)(shi)油(you)基(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,約占非石(shi)(shi)油(you)基(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠消費量(liang)的(de)98%。但(dan)因為(wei)石(shi)(shi)油(you)價格的(de)大幅上漲,同時(shi)我國(guo)(guo)在硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)關鍵原料有(you)(you)機硅單體(ti)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術方面取得突破,有(you)(you)機硅單體(ti)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術在2005年前被幾家跨(kua)國(guo)(guo)公司壟斷,但(dan)目前我國(guo)(guo)已發展成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)全球(qiu)有(you)(you)機硅單體(ti)第1大國(guo)(guo),這2個方面原因使(shi)硅橡(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)價格從2011年起開始低(di)于石(shi)(shi)油(you)基(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,僅約為(wei)大宗石(shi)(shi)油(you)基(ji)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠的(de)80%~90%,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)廉價的(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,并開始大規(gui)模替代石(shi)(shi)油(you)基(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠。這將(jiang)極(ji)大拓展有(you)(you)機硅產(chan)(chan)業的(de)市(shi)場空間,同時(shi)將(jiang)帶動硅油(you)、硅烷偶聯劑和硅樹脂(zhi)等其他(ta)有(you)(you)機硅產(chan)(chan)品的(de)消費。


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