目前，化學驅油是國內主要三次采油的主要方法，在化學驅油中為適用的是表面活性劑。許多專家和學者在實(shi)際工作經(jing)驗的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，對油田的(de)驅面活性劑提出的(de)要求，概括為(wei)以下幾個特點：? ???

1）表面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑對油水界(jie)(jie)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)高(gao)、油水界(jie)(jie)面的降(jiang)低能力強，使油與水界(jie)(jie)面張力低于10.2?mN／m，具有(you)一定(ding)程度的溶解性(xing)(xing)，濁點不受(shou)PH值的影響或(huo)有(you)較小(xiao)的影響。? ??

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2）表(biao)面活性劑與巖石表(biao)面之間的相互作用小，在巖石表(biao)面上的吸附能力(li)弱或不易吸附。

3）表面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑溶于地(di)層水(shui)中，具有較大(da)的擴散(san)速(su)度，但抗稀釋(shi)能力(li)較強，即表面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑濃度降(jiang)低，從而(er)降(jiang)低油(you)水(shui)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)張力(li)的能力(li)或變小，驅油(you)效果更(geng)好。

4）具(ju)有良好的(de)穩定性，和(he)其他化學劑或注(zhu)入水(shui)、底層物質不發(fa)生反應，沒有裂解(jie)降解(jie)反應。

5）在驅油(you)過程中，考慮表面活性(xing)劑(ji)驅油(you)系(xi)統的配伍性(xing)問題(ti)和油(you)藏開(kai)發程度之(zhi)間(jian)的關(guan)系(xi)。? ?

6）表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)適應驅油(you)油(you)藏(zang)溫度和(he)(he)(he)(he)礦化度度條(tiao)件(jian)，具(ju)有很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溫抗鹽能力。不同類型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類的(de)(de)(de)方法有很(hen)多，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)(xing)是在水(shui)溶液中表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)親水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離子(zi)基團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)陰離子(zi)、陽離子(zi)、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離子(zi)、非離子(zi)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)混合型(xing)(xing)5種類型(xing)(xing)；根據(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)量大小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)低分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)量300）和(he)(he)(he)(he)高分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)量為(wei)(wei)1000以(yi)上）；按(an)照對(dui)(dui)三次(ci)采(cai)油(you)技術的(de)(de)(de)油(you)藏(zang)條(tiao)件(jian)對(dui)(dui)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)要求，可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)鹽的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溫表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系，抗鹽耐(nai)(nai)(nai)高溫表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)(he)(he)(he)特殊地層條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系；按(an)照來(lai)源分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)天然表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，合成(cheng)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生物(wu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)；根據(ju)溶解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)油(you)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。?