目前，化學驅油是國內主要三次采油的主要方法，在化學驅油中為適用的是表面活性劑。許多專家和學者在實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)經(jing)驗的基礎上，對油田的驅面活(huo)性(xing)劑提出(chu)的要(yao)求，概括為(wei)以下(xia)幾個(ge)特點(dian)：? ???

1）表面活性劑對(dui)油(you)水(shui)(shui)界面活性高、油(you)水(shui)(shui)界面的降低(di)能力(li)強，使油(you)與水(shui)(shui)界面張(zhang)力(li)低(di)于10.2?mN／m，具有一定程度的溶解性，濁點不(bu)受(shou)PH值的影響或有較小的影響。? ??

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2）表(biao)面活性劑(ji)與巖石(shi)表(biao)面之間的相互(hu)作用小，在巖石(shi)表(biao)面上的吸附能力弱或不易吸附。

3）表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑(ji)溶(rong)于(yu)地層(ceng)水中，具有(you)較大的(de)擴散速度(du)，但抗稀釋能力(li)較強，即表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑(ji)濃度(du)降低(di)，從而降低(di)油水界(jie)面(mian)張力(li)的(de)能力(li)或變小，驅油效(xiao)果更(geng)好。

4）具有(you)良好的穩定(ding)性，和其他化學劑(ji)或注入水(shui)、底層物質不發生反應，沒有(you)裂解降解反應。

5）在驅(qu)油過(guo)程(cheng)中，考慮表面活性劑(ji)驅(qu)油系統的配伍性問題(ti)和油藏開發程(cheng)度(du)之間的關系。? ?

6）表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)適應(ying)驅油(you)(you)油(you)(you)藏溫(wen)度和(he)礦化度度條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，具(ju)有(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)耐溫(wen)抗鹽(yan)能力。不同類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)的(de)(de)方法有(you)很(hen)多(duo)，常見的(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)是在水(shui)溶(rong)液中表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)親水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)基團(tuan)的(de)(de)結構，分(fen)為陰離(li)(li)子(zi)、陽離(li)(li)子(zi)、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)、非離(li)(li)子(zi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)5種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)；根(gen)據分(fen)子(zi)量大小分(fen)類(lei)，可分(fen)為低分(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)（分(fen)子(zi)量300）和(he)高分(fen)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)（分(fen)子(zi)量為1000以上(shang)）；按照對(dui)三次采(cai)油(you)(you)技(ji)術的(de)(de)油(you)(you)藏條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)對(dui)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)要求，可以分(fen)為耐鹽(yan)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、耐溫(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，抗鹽(yan)耐高溫(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和(he)特殊地層條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)；按照來源(yuan)分(fen)類(lei)，可分(fen)為天然(ran)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)，合成表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)生物表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)；根(gen)據溶(rong)解性(xing)(xing)(xing)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)可分(fen)為水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)油(you)(you)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)。?