表面活性劑適應(ying)驅油(you)油(you)藏溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)礦化度(du)(du)度(du)(du)條件(jian)(jian)，具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)耐(nai)溫(wen)抗(kang)鹽(yan)能力。不同類型表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)分(fen)(fen)類的(de)方法(fa)有(you)很多(duo)，常見的(de)類型是在水(shui)溶(rong)液中表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)親水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子基(ji)團的(de)結構，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)陰離(li)子、陽離(li)子、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子、非(fei)離(li)子型和(he)混合型5種類型；根據分(fen)(fen)子量大小分(fen)(fen)類，可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)低(di)分(fen)(fen)子的(de)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)子量300）和(he)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)子量為(wei)1000以(yi)上(shang)）；按照(zhao)對三次采油(you)技術的(de)油(you)藏條件(jian)(jian)對表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)要求，可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)耐(nai)鹽(yan)的(de)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系(xi)、耐(nai)溫(wen)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系(xi)，抗(kang)鹽(yan)耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系(xi)和(he)特殊地層條件(jian)(jian)下表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系(xi)；按照(zhao)來源(yuan)分(fen)(fen)類，可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)天然表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，合成表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)生物表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；根據溶(rong)解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)分(fen)(fen)類可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)油(you)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。?

選(xuan)擇合適的表(biao)(biao)面活性劑用量(liang)在控制粒度(du)大(da)小、粒度(du)分布、顆粒形狀等(deng)方(fang)面同樣是非常重要的。表(biao)(biao)面活性劑用量(liang)過大(da)或過小都(dou)會在一定程度(du)上(shang)影響納米氧化鋅的性質。

氧化鋅粉末(mo)的(de)粒(li)(li)徑隨表面改(gai)性(xing)劑的(de)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化，只有在佳用(yong)量(liang)(liang)值時納米氧化鋅粒(li)(li)徑才會小。這是因為當表面改(gai)性(xing)劑用(yong)量(liang)(liang)較少時，在顆粒(li)(li)之間(jian)或顆粒(li)(li)表面不能產(chan)生(sheng)足夠的(de)斥力來阻止(zhi)顆粒(li)(li)之間(jian)靠攏的(de)引(yin)力，從而發(fa)生(sheng)團聚。

但(dan)是(shi)，當表面(mian)活性劑(ji)用量過多時，表面(mian)活性劑(ji)在(zai)顆粒(li)之(zhi)間(jian)有剩余，阻(zu)止(zhi)顆粒(li)之(zhi)間(jian)的自由移動，從而導致顆粒(li)發生團聚。此外，表面(mian)活性劑(ji)本身的聯結(jie)也會(hui)促使(shi)粒(li)子之(zhi)間(jian)相互(hu)靠攏而發生團聚。