表面活性劑適應驅油(you)(you)油(you)(you)藏溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)礦化度(du)(du)度(du)(du)條(tiao)件(jian),具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)溫(wen)(wen)抗(kang)鹽能力(li)。不同類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法有(you)很多,常見的(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)是在水(shui)溶液中表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)基團的(de)(de)(de)結構,分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、陽離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、非離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)型(xing)和(he)(he)混(hun)合型(xing)5種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing);根(gen)據分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量大小分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量300)和(he)(he)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1000以上);按照對三次采油(you)(you)技術的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)藏條(tiao)件(jian)對表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)要求,可(ke)以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)耐(nai)鹽的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系、耐(nai)溫(wen)(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系,抗(kang)鹽耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系和(he)(he)特(te)殊地層條(tiao)件(jian)下表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體系;按照來源(yuan)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天然表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),合成表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)生物表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);根(gen)據溶解性(xing)(xing)(xing),表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)油(you)(you)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。?
選擇合適的(de)表面(mian)活性(xing)劑(ji)用(yong)量在控(kong)制粒(li)(li)度(du)大小、粒(li)(li)度(du)分布、顆粒(li)(li)形狀等方面(mian)同樣是(shi)非常重要的(de)。表面(mian)活性(xing)劑(ji)用(yong)量過大或過小都會在一定(ding)程度(du)上影響納米(mi)氧(yang)化鋅的(de)性(xing)質。
氧化鋅(xin)粉(fen)末的(de)粒(li)徑隨表面改性劑的(de)用量(liang)的(de)變(bian)化而(er)(er)變(bian)化,只有在佳用量(liang)值時納米氧化鋅(xin)粒(li)徑才會小。這是因為當表面改性劑用量(liang)較少時,在顆(ke)粒(li)之(zhi)間或顆(ke)粒(li)表面不(bu)能(neng)產生(sheng)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)斥力來阻止(zhi)顆(ke)粒(li)之(zhi)間靠攏的(de)引力,從而(er)(er)發生(sheng)團聚。
但(dan)是,當表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)劑用量(liang)過多時,表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)劑在顆粒(li)(li)之間有剩余,阻止顆粒(li)(li)之間的自(zi)由移動,從而(er)導致(zhi)顆粒(li)(li)發生團(tuan)(tuan)聚(ju)。此外,表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)劑本身的聯結也(ye)會促使(shi)粒(li)(li)子(zi)之間相互靠攏(long)而(er)發生團(tuan)(tuan)聚(ju)。