陰離子表面活性劑都(dou)具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)起泡(pao)性，能(neng)產生豐富(fu)的(de)泡(pao)沫，LAS﹑AOS﹑FAS﹑AES都(dou)是良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)起泡(pao)劑。APG也具(ju)有(you)較好(hao)(hao)的(de)起泡(pao)能(neng)力(li)。????????

烷基(ji)醇酰胺或氧化胺與LAS﹑FAS﹑AES等配合時，有(you)良好(hao)的穩泡﹑增泡效果，廣泛(fan)用作(zuo)穩泡﹑增泡劑，另外，很(hen)多水溶性高(gao)分子化合物也可用來(lai)穩泡﹑增泡。

表面活性劑也稱界面活性劑，是(shi)在低濃度下大幅度降低溶(rong)液界面張力的有機化合物(wu)。分子中(zhong)同(tong)時(shi)含有親水(shui)的極性基(ji)團(tuan)（如(ru)羥基(ji)、羧基(ji)、硫酸基(ji)、氨基(ji)和醚鍵(jian)等）和憎水(shui)的非極性基(ji)團(tuan)（如(ru)各種C-H鏈等），按(an)其結構分為(wei)陰離(li)子型、陽(yang)離(li)子型、非離(li)子型和兩性型4種。

溶(rong)(rong)液中的(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑通(tong)過極(ji)性(xing)基和非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)基在界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)吸(xi)附，定(ding)向排列形成界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)膜，降(jiang)低了(le)(le)溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力，表現出較強的(de)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)。隨著表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑濃(nong)(nong)度的(de)增加，所形成的(de)膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)膜更加致密，表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力逐漸達(da)到小值，此時(shi)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑的(de)濃(nong)(nong)度為膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)臨界濃(nong)(nong)度。膠(jiao)束(shu)(shu)的(de)形成增大了(le)(le)難溶(rong)(rong)物(wu)在溶(rong)(rong)液中的(de)溶(rong)(rong)解度，從這方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)來說表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑也(ye)具有增溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)。

由于表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑具有(you)的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)，膠束化(hua)及增溶性(xing)(xing)，在溶液(ye)(ye)中常表(biao)現(xian)出潤(run)濕、乳化(hua)、發泡、分散和滲(shen)透等作用。在封閉(bi)液(ye)(ye)中作防(fang)粉劑主要(yao)是利(li)用其(qi)易(yi)在氧化(hua)膜表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上吸附，并形成(cheng)(cheng)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)吸附膜，有(you)效地阻(zu)止(zhi)或減緩了氧化(hua)膜表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)水化(hua)反應，防(fang)止(zhi)了粉霜的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)。其(qi)次利(li)用表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)濕滲(shen)透性(xing)(xing)，促進封閉(bi)液(ye)(ye)向(xiang)膜孔(kong)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透，加速孔(kong)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)水化(hua)反應，增強封閉(bi)效果。此外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑還兼有(you)抑霧(wu)、絮(xu)凝和去污的(de)(de)(de)作用。?

泡(pao)沫在洗滌中起著重要的作(zuo)用。泡(pao)沫本身雖無去污(wu)(wu)作(zuo)用，但它能攜帶污(wu)(wu)垢，并且能指(zhi)示洗液去污(wu)(wu)的多少。????????

多種(zhong)洗(xi)滌劑都要求有豐富的泡(pao)(pao)沫(mo)，并且穩(wen)定性要好(hao)，如高泡(pao)(pao)地(di)毯清潔(jie)劑。對(dui)洗(xi)手液﹑手用餐具洗(xi)滌劑等，還要求泡(pao)(pao)沫(mo)細膩﹑稠厚，有較(jiao)好(hao)的手感。?