目前，化學驅油是國內主要三次采油的主要方法，在化學驅油中為適用的是表面活性劑。許多專家和學者在實(shi)際工作經驗(yan)的基礎上，對油田(tian)的驅面活性劑提出(chu)的要求(qiu)，概括為以下(xia)幾個特點：? ???

1）表面活(huo)性(xing)劑對油(you)水界(jie)(jie)面活(huo)性(xing)高、油(you)水界(jie)(jie)面的(de)降低(di)能力(li)強，使油(you)與(yu)水界(jie)(jie)面張力(li)低(di)于10.2?mN／m，具有一定(ding)程度的(de)溶(rong)解性(xing)，濁點不(bu)受(shou)PH值的(de)影響或(huo)有較小的(de)影響。? ??

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2）表面(mian)活(huo)性劑與巖(yan)石表面(mian)之間的相互(hu)作用小，在(zai)巖(yan)石表面(mian)上的吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)能力弱或不(bu)易(yi)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)。

3）表面活性(xing)劑(ji)溶(rong)于地(di)層水(shui)中，具有較(jiao)大的(de)擴散速(su)度(du)，但抗(kang)稀釋能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)強(qiang)，即表面活性(xing)劑(ji)濃度(du)降低，從而(er)降低油(you)水(shui)界面張力(li)的(de)能(neng)力(li)或(huo)變小，驅油(you)效果更好。

4）具有(you)(you)良好的穩(wen)定(ding)性，和其他(ta)化學劑或注入水、底層物質不(bu)發生反應，沒有(you)(you)裂(lie)解(jie)降解(jie)反應。

5）在(zai)驅(qu)油過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，考慮(lv)表面(mian)活性(xing)劑驅(qu)油系(xi)統的(de)(de)配伍性(xing)問題和油藏(zang)開發程(cheng)(cheng)度之間的(de)(de)關系(xi)。? ?

6）表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)適(shi)應驅油油藏(zang)溫(wen)度和礦化度度條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，具有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)耐(nai)溫(wen)抗鹽(yan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。不同類(lei)型(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)的(de)(de)方法(fa)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)是在水溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)親水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)基(ji)團的(de)(de)結構，分(fen)(fen)為陰離(li)子(zi)、陽離(li)子(zi)、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)、非離(li)子(zi)型(xing)和混(hun)合型(xing)5種類(lei)型(xing)；根(gen)(gen)據(ju)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)量(liang)大小分(fen)(fen)類(lei)，可分(fen)(fen)為低分(fen)(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)子(zi)量(liang)300）和高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)子(zi)量(liang)為1000以上(shang)）；按照對三(san)次(ci)采油技術的(de)(de)油藏(zang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)對表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)要求，可以分(fen)(fen)為耐(nai)鹽(yan)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體系、耐(nai)溫(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體系，抗鹽(yan)耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體系和特殊(shu)地層(ceng)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體系；按照來(lai)源分(fen)(fen)類(lei)，可分(fen)(fen)為天然表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，合成(cheng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和生物表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)；根(gen)(gen)據(ju)溶(rong)(rong)解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)可分(fen)(fen)為水溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和油溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。?