一種端氨基聚醚及其用途和制備方法。分子結構是氰尿酸分子的3個氫有2 個或以上被聚氧化烯烴醚醇取代形成氰尿酸衍生物結構,后者的平均相對分子量 300~8000、平均羥基官能度2~3。制備步驟是在耐壓反應釜中加入氰尿酸、溶劑和含氮類化合物催化劑,加熱至80~180℃,在氮氣保護和攪拌下逐步滴加大于氰尿酸摩爾數的氧化烯烴,反應后去除溶劑、未反應的氰尿酸和氧化烯烴得多羥烷基異氰尿酸(醚)酯;在耐壓反應釜中加入開環聚合催化劑、多羥烷基異氰尿酸(醚)酯,脫除易揮發性組分,在前述溫度和條件下逐步滴加氧化烯烴反應精制。難燃聚醚多元醇可作為合成聚氨酯的主要原料或結構性阻燃劑與多異氰酸酯反應制備難燃聚氨酯。
該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)以尿(niao)(niao)素(su)為起始劑,在(zai)堿性(xing)催(cui)化劑的存在(zai)下與(yu)氧(yang)(yang)化丙烯(xi)聚(ju)合可制得尿(niao)(niao)素(su)聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元醇,反應中間(jian)產物(wu)與(yu)蔗(zhe)糖(tang)、氧(yang)(yang)化丙烯(xi)在(zai)催(cui)化劑作用(yong)下可制得尿(niao)(niao)素(su)蔗(zhe)糖(tang)聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元醇,反應中間(jian)產物(wu)與(yu)山梨醇、氧(yang)(yang)化丙烯(xi)在(zai)一定溫度、壓力及催(cui)化劑作用(yong)下可制得山梨醇尿(niao)(niao)素(su)聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元醇。本發明(ming)制備聚(ju)醚(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)元醇的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)原料便宜、易得,產品性(xing)能良好,用(yong)其制備硬(ying)質聚(ju)氨(an)酯泡沫塑料可使成本降低(di),且使用(yong)性(xing)能良好。
第二種方法(fa)(fa):由(you)起始劑(ji)(ji)、催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)、氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)聚合制(zhi)備(bei)聚醚多元醇的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa),其特征在(zai)(zai)于(yu)以尿素(su)(su)為(wei)起始劑(ji)(ji),其反(fan)應工藝(yi)分(fen)為(wei)一步(bu)法(fa)(fa)和(he)二步(bu)法(fa)(fa),一步(bu)法(fa)(fa)合成工藝(yi)為(wei):將(jiang)(jiang)1份重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)尿素(su)(su)和(he)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)與(yu)尿素(su)(su)重(zhong)(zhong)量之和(he)的(de)(de)0.3~2%的(de)(de)氫氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉀催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)入反(fan)應釜(fu)中(zhong),在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度110~125℃滴加(jia)(jia)5~11份重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力保持在(zai)(zai)0.1~0.5MPa,在(zai)(zai)反(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)表壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回零(ling)后(hou)真空脫水(shui)20~30分(fen)鐘(zhong),得尿素(su)(su)聚醚多元醇;二步(bu)法(fa)(fa)合成工藝(yi)為(wei):a、將(jiang)(jiang)1份重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)尿素(su)(su)和(he)尿素(su)(su)與(yu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)重(zhong)(zhong)量和(he)的(de)(de)0.3~2%的(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)入反(fan)應釜(fu),在(zai)(zai)110~120℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下滴加(jia)(jia)2~4份重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)0.1~0.5MPa,待氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)加(jia)(jia)完后(hou),在(zai)(zai)反(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)表壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回零(ling),然后(hou)真空脫水(shui)20~30分(fen)鐘(zhong),得分(fen)子式(shi)為(wei)***的(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)產品,命名為(wei)HCA↓[-1];b、將(jiang)(jiang)1份重(zhong)(zhong)量上(shang)述(shu)HCA↓[-1]和(he)HCA↓[-1]與(yu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)重(zhong)(zhong)量和(he)的(de)(de)0.3~2%的(de)(de)氫氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉀催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)入反(fan)應釜(fu),在(zai)(zai)110~125℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下連續(xu)加(jia)(jia)入0.8~2.5份重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)0.1~0.5MPa,待氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)加(jia)(jia)完后(hou),在(zai)(zai)反(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)表壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回零(ling),然后(hou)真空脫水(shui)20~30分(fen)鐘(zhong),得尿素(su)(su)聚醚多元醇。