表面活性劑的主要作用

　　(1)乳(ru)化作(zuo)用：由(you)于油(you)脂在水(shui)中表(biao)面(mian)張力(li)(li)大，當水(shui)中滴(di)入(ru)油(you)脂后，用力(li)(li)攪(jiao)拌(ban)，油(you)脂被粉(fen)碎成細(xi)珠(zhu)狀，互相混合成乳(ru)濁液，但攪(jiao)拌(ban)停止又重新(xin)分層。如果加入(ru)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑，用力(li)(li)攪(jiao)拌(ban)，停止后很長時間內(nei)卻不易分層，這就是(shi)乳(ru)化作(zuo)用。其原因(yin)是(shi)油(you)脂的疏水(shui)性被活(huo)性劑的親水(shui)基團所(suo)包圍(wei)，形成定向(xiang)的吸(xi)引力(li)(li)，降低了油(you)在水(shui)中分散(san)所(suo)需(xu)要的功，使(shi)油(you)脂得(de)到很好的乳(ru)化。

　　(2)潤濕作用：零(ling)件表面(mian)上往往粘附有一層蠟、油脂或鱗片(pian)狀的物(wu)質，這些(xie)物(wu)質是疏水性的。由于這些(xie)物(wu)質的污染(ran)，零(ling)件表面(mian)不(bu)易被(bei)水潤濕，當水溶液中(zhong)加入(ru)表面(mian)活性劑時，零(ling)件上的水珠(zhu)就很容(rong)易分散(san)開(kai)來，使(shi)零(ling)件的表面(mian)張(zhang)力大(da)大(da)降低，達到潤濕目(mu)的。

　　(3)增溶(rong)(rong)作(zuo)用(yong)：油(you)類物(wu)質中(zhong)加入(ru)表面活(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)后，才(cai)能(neng)“溶(rong)(rong)解”，但是這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)解只有(you)在(zai)表面活(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)的(de)濃(nong)度達到膠體的(de)臨界濃(nong)度時才(cai)能(neng)發生(sheng)，溶(rong)(rong)解度的(de)大小(xiao)根據增溶(rong)(rong)對象(xiang)和(he)性質來決(jue)定。就(jiu)增溶(rong)(rong)作(zuo)用(yong)而言(yan)，長的(de)疏水基因(yin)烴(jing)鏈(lian)要比(bi)(bi)短烴(jing)鏈(lian)強(qiang)(qiang)，飽和(he)烴(jing)鏈(lian)比(bi)(bi)不(bu)飽和(he)烴(jing)鏈(lian)強(qiang)(qiang)，非(fei)離子表面活(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)增溶(rong)(rong)作(zuo)用(yong)一般比(bi)(bi)較顯(xian)著。

　　(4)分(fen)(fen)散(san)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：灰(hui)塵和污粒(li)等固體(ti)(ti)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)比(bi)較容(rong)易(yi)聚集在一起，在水中容(rong)易(yi)發生(sheng)沉降(jiang)，表面活性(xing)劑的(de)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)能使(shi)固體(ti)(ti)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)聚集體(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)割成細小的(de)微粒(li)，使(shi)其(qi)分(fen)(fen)散(san)懸浮在溶液(ye)中，起到促使(shi)固體(ti)(ti)粒(li)子(zi)(zi)均勻分(fen)(fen)散(san)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

　　(5)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)作用(yong)：泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)形成主要是(shi)(shi)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)向吸附(fu)作用(yong)，是(shi)(shi)氣液兩相間的(de)(de)(de)表面張力降低(di)所致。一般(ban)低(di)分(fen)子活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)容易發泡(pao)，高(gao)(gao)分(fen)子活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)少，豆(dou)蔻酸(suan)(suan)黃發泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)，硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)鈉發泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)最(zui)差，陰離子活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)發泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)和泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)比非離子型好(hao)，如(ru)烷基(ji)苯磺酸(suan)(suan)鈉發泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)很強(qiang)。通常使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)穩定(ding)劑(ji)有(you)脂(zhi)肪醇酰胺、羧基(ji)甲(jia)基(ji)纖維素(su)等(deng)(deng)，泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)抑(yi)制劑(ji)有(you)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)、脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)、聚醚等(deng)(deng)及其它非離子表面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)。

    表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在化(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要功能(neng)包括乳化(hua)(hua)、分(fen)散、增溶、起(qi)(qi)泡(pao)、清洗、潤滑和(he)(he)(he)(he)柔(rou)軟等。表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在化(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)具有廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)用(yong)途(tu)，起(qi)(qi)著重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)。化(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)能(neng)對(dui)人體面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)部、皮膚(fu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、毛發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)口腔起(qi)(qi)清潔保護和(he)(he)(he)(he)美化(hua)(hua)作用(yong)。化(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種多(duo)種多(duo)樣，分(fen)類方(fang)式也(ye)各不相(xiang)同。表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在化(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，陰離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用(yong)越趨廣(guang)泛，其(qi)具有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、良好的(de)(de)乳化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、適度的(de)(de)洗凈力以及(ji)特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)皮膚(fu)親和(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)夠滿足(zu)毛發(fa)(fa)洗凈劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)要求；陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)用(yong)在護發(fa)(fa)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)， 包括頭(tou)(tou)發(fa)(fa)調理(li)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)頭(tou)(tou)發(fa)(fa)定型(xing)(xing)凝(ning)膠，它也(ye)是極(ji)有效的(de)(de)抗(kang)靜電劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，使頭(tou)(tou)發(fa)(fa)更加柔(rou)順(shun)；兩(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本身(shen)具有低毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、對(dui)皮膚(fu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)眼睛的(de)(de)低刺激性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，所以應用(yong)廣(guang)泛。兩(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)類型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要有：氨(an)基(ji)酸型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、咪唑啉型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)甜菜堿型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。氨(an)基(ji)酸型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)頭(tou)(tou)發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)皮膚(fu)作用(yong)溫和(he)(he)(he)(he)，起(qi)(qi)泡(pao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)乳化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好，去污能(neng)力強，生物降解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好，而且(qie)還具有良好的(de)(de)抑菌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)殺菌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，因此，氨(an)基(ji)酸型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將是一個很(hen)好的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)；非離(li)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要用(yong)作乳化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，特(te)(te)別是乙氧基(ji)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)用(yong)作O/W 型(xing)(xing)乳化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此外，還可(ke)以用(yong)作油性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)組分(fen)的(de)(de)增溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。另(ling)外，一些(xie)特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要用(yong)作護發(fa)(fa)香(xiang)波、浴制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)(qi)泡(pao)沫(mo)穩定作用(yong)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。

    資訊來(lai)源(yuan)于  表面(mian)活性劑供應商  揚(yang)州晨化新材料(liao)股份有限公司