用作抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的表面活性利，有陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)型(xing)、陰離(li)子(zi)型(xing)、非離(li)子(zi)型(xing)等(deng)(deng)。陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)型(xing)抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)有抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)SN、抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)SP等(deng)(deng)，陰離(li)子(zi)型(xing)抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)有抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)P等(deng)(deng)，非離(li)子(zi)型(xing)抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)有抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)ECH等(deng)(deng)。

表面活性劑用于(yu)抗靜電劑(ji)的機理(li)，是(shi)其親水(shui)基團具(ju)有一定的吸水(shui)性，可(ke)以在塑(su)料(liao)表(biao)面(mian)形成(cheng)一含水(shui)導電層(ceng)，使表(biao)面(mian)電阻大幅(fu)度下降。表(biao)面(mian)活性劑(ji)的親油基團則(ze)使其與塑(su)料(liao)基體具(ju)有一定的相容(rong)性。

在軟質(zhi)PVC中應用的(de)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑，主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)季銨(an)鹽類(lei)，如(ru)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑SN、抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑SP等(deng)。這類(lei)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)性能(neng)優良(liang)，缺點是(shi)(shi)易(yi)引起PVC降(jiang)解(jie)(jie)。此外，非離子型(xing)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑（如(ru)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑ECH）也可用于軟質(zhi)PVC，這類(lei)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑不會引起PVC降(jiang)解(jie)(jie)。陰離子型(xing)的(de)抗(kang)靜電(dian)(dian)劑P也可用于軟質(zhi)PVC。

抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)在軟質PVC中的(de)用量(liang)，與抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)的(de)種類及需要(yao)達(da)到(dao)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)效果（表面電(dian)阻(zu)率）有關。一(yi)般(ban)來說，陽(yang)離子(zi)型(xing)季銨(an)鹽類抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)用量(liang)低于(yu)非(fei)離子(zi)型(xing)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)。抗(kang)(kang)(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)劑(ji)的(de)一(yi)般(ban)用量(liang)為0.5~5份。

抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)可直接與物料混合后(hou)加(jia)工成型。由(you)于抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般以(yi)異丙(bing)醇和水作為溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，所以(yi)在(zai)加(jia)工成型中(zhong)應考(kao)慮這些溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)揮發問題。含抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)制(zhi)品成型后(hou)，抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)可在(zai)數日內遷移到(dao)表(biao)面(mian)，一(yi)周至兩周后(hou)達到(dao)佳抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)效果。當表(biao)面(mian)層(ceng)的(de)抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)因摩(mo)擦、水洗(xi)等(deng)原因而受到(dao)損失后(hou)，制(zhi)品內部的(de)抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)會向表(biao)面(mian)遷移，恢復抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能。