表(biao)面黏(nian)度(du)(du)與表(biao)面膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的牢固度(du)(du)密(mi)切有關由(you)于(yu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)有表(biao)面壓(ya)力和(he)黏(nian)度(du)(du)，它必定具(ju)有彈(dan)性。吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的表(biao)面壓(ya)力越大，黏(nian)度(du)(du)越高，其(qi)彈(dan)性模量(liang)就越大。表(biao)面吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的彈(dan)性模量(liang)在穩泡(pao)過程中有重要意義。

表面活性劑是洗(xi)滌劑(ji)(ji)去污配方的一個主(zhu)要組成分除特殊用途(tu)外，這些產品在使用后即(ji)被直接或經污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠處理(li)后排(pai)(pai)放(fang)到環境中。而(er)在洗(xi)滌劑(ji)(ji)中占主(zhu)要地(di)位的還是較難生(sheng)物(wu)降解的陰離子表面活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)。含表面活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的大(da)量排(pai)(pai)放(fang),不僅(jin)直接危害水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)環境,殺死環境中微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu),抑制了(le)其它(ta)有(you)毒物(wu)質(zhi)的降解,同時(shi)(shi)還會(hui)(hui)導致水(shui)(shui)(shui)中溶解氧的減(jian)少,尤(you)其含氮(dan)、磷的表面活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)造成水(shui)(shui)(shui)體富營(ying)養化。當進入污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠污水(shui)(shui)(shui)中的表面活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)達到一定(ding)濃度時(shi)(shi),會(hui)(hui)影響曝氣、沉(chen)淀、污泥硝化等諸多過(guo)程。

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑促進有機(ji)污染物(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)作用(yong)機(ji)理、其與(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)(jie)菌株(zhu)及底物(wu)的(de)(de)相(xiang)互作用(yong)關系都(dou)還不(bu)甚清(qing)楚。雖然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑促進了微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)(jie)，但它們(men)也(ye)有一(yi)些抑制因素，如有些表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑濃(nong)度(du)達到CMC以上(shang)時就對微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有毒(du)性，有些生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑的(de)(de)膠(jiao)粒(li)能(neng)(neng)干擾細胞過程。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑也(ye)能(neng)(neng)作為一(yi)種優先碳源，與(yu)有機(ji)污染物(wu)的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)(jie)形(xing)成競爭，從(cong)而(er)導(dao)致污染物(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)(jie)率下降(jiang)(jiang)。此外表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑還可能(neng)(neng)造成微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)分散而(er)導(dao)致不(bu)同的(de)(de)結(jie)果。這些作用(yong)機(ji)理都(dou)需要深入探究。?

進(jin)(jin)行原位修復(fu)時，生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的使用(yong)(yong)會(hui)對生(sheng)活(huo)于其(qi)(qi)(qi)中的土著(zhu)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種群產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)定的毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)影響，此外由于其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)被微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)降解，其(qi)(qi)(qi)代謝產(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)可能(neng)更具(ju)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。因此，生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的存在(zai)可能(neng)會(hui)會(hui)對環境造成一(yi)定的污染并增加(jia)了環境污染的負擔。可見，加(jia)強生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)對環境產(chan)生(sheng)潛在(zai)的影響和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)降解特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的研究(jiu)，將為有效地控制生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)造成的環境污染、合理利用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)，提供重要的科學依(yi)據(ju)。在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行現(xian)場表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)增溶修復(fu)時，必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行全(quan)面的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)環境危害性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實驗，確保生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)安(an)全(quan)。