表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)黏度(du)(du)與表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)膜的牢固度(du)(du)密切(qie)有(you)關由于吸(xi)附膜有(you)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)壓力(li)和黏度(du)(du)，它必定(ding)具(ju)有(you)彈(dan)性。吸(xi)附膜的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)壓力(li)越大，黏度(du)(du)越高，其彈(dan)性模量就越大。表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)附膜的彈(dan)性模量在穩泡過程中(zhong)有(you)重(zhong)要意義。

表面活性劑是(shi)洗滌(di)劑(ji)(ji)去污(wu)配方的一個主要(yao)(yao)組成分(fen)除特殊用(yong)途(tu)外，這些(xie)產品(pin)在使用(yong)后即被直(zhi)接(jie)或經污(wu)水(shui)處理廠(chang)處理后排放到環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而在洗滌(di)劑(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)主要(yao)(yao)地位的還是(shi)較難(nan)生(sheng)物(wu)降(jiang)解的陰(yin)離子(zi)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)。含(han)表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)廢水(shui)的大量(liang)排放,不僅直(zhi)接(jie)危(wei)害水(shui)生(sheng)環境,殺死環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微生(sheng)物(wu),抑(yi)制(zhi)了其它有毒物(wu)質(zhi)的降(jiang)解,同時還會導致水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溶解氧的減(jian)少,尤(you)其含(han)氮、磷的表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)會造成水(shui)體富營養化。當進入(ru)污(wu)水(shui)處理廠(chang)污(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的表面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)達到一定濃度時,會影響曝氣(qi)、沉淀、污(wu)泥硝化等諸多過程。

生物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)促進(jin)有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)機理(li)、其與(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)菌株及底物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)相互作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)關系都(dou)還不(bu)(bu)甚清楚。雖然(ran)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)促進(jin)了微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)，但它(ta)們也有一些(xie)抑制因(yin)素，如有些(xie)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)濃度達到(dao)CMC以上時就對微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)有毒性(xing)(xing)，有些(xie)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的(de)(de)膠粒能(neng)干擾細胞(bao)過程。生物(wu)(wu)(wu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)也能(neng)作(zuo)為一種優先碳源，與(yu)有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)形成(cheng)競爭，從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)降(jiang)(jiang)解(jie)率(lv)下降(jiang)(jiang)。此外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)還可能(neng)造(zao)成(cheng)微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)數量的(de)(de)分散而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)結果。這(zhe)些(xie)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)機理(li)都(dou)需要(yao)深入探究。?

進行原位(wei)修復(fu)時，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)使用(yong)會(hui)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)于其中的(de)(de)土著微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)種群產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)毒性(xing)(xing)和影響，此外由于其能(neng)被微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)降解，其代謝(xie)產物(wu)(wu)可(ke)能(neng)更具毒性(xing)(xing)。因此，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)會(hui)對環(huan)境造成一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)并增加了(le)環(huan)境污(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)負擔。可(ke)見，加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)對環(huan)境產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)影響和其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)降解特性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)研究(jiu)，將(jiang)為有效地(di)控制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)造成的(de)(de)環(huan)境污(wu)染(ran)、合理利用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)，提供重要的(de)(de)科學(xue)依(yi)據(ju)。在(zai)進行現場(chang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)增溶修復(fu)時，必須進行全(quan)(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)毒性(xing)(xing)和環(huan)境危害(hai)性(xing)(xing)實(shi)驗，確保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)使用(yong)安全(quan)(quan)。