陰離子表面活性劑在(zai)去(qu)污方面(mian)(mian)有優異的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，但是(shi)常與(yu)非(fei)(fei)離子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)復配(pei)使用(yong)，得(de)到更好的(de)脫(tuo)墨(mo)效果。陰離子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)具有良好的(de)發泡(pao)性(xing)(xing)和去(qu)油污性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，非(fei)(fei)離子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)水溶液中呈現非(fei)(fei)離子(zi)(zi)狀(zhuang)態，穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)高(gao)。當非(fei)(fei)離子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)和陰離子(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)配(pei)合使用(yong)時，使膠粒帶(dai)負電，同電相斥(chi)，可以形成穩定(ding)的(de)分散體系，有利于油墨(mo)與(yu)纖(xian)維分離而除去(qu)。

皮革(ge)加脂是(shi)將(jiang)油脂加入皮內(nei)，作用是(shi)在膠原纖(xian)維表面形成單分(fen)子(zi)層油膜(mo)，并在纖(xian)維間也(ye)吸附適量的油脂，防止(zhi)纖(xian)維結合變硬(ying)，使纖(xian)維分(fen)子(zi)鏈及鏈段運(yun)動變得十(shi)分(fen)容(rong)易，從而提高皮革(ge)柔軟(ruan)度和(he)豐滿感，防止(zhi)皮板僵硬(ying)甚至(zhi)開裂(lie)。故加脂是(shi)制革(ge)一道重要工序。

填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分為濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)干填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，這(zhe)里主要指(zhi)濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)。所謂(wei)濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)是(shi)指(zhi)將加(jia)脂前、后的革(ge)置于填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)劑浴(yu)液內(nei)(nei)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)劑滲(shen)入革(ge)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)并填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)于革(ge)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)間或吸(xi)附(fu)于革(ge)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)周(zhou)圍，從(cong)而使革(ge)挺實(shi)、豐(feng)滿、增(zeng)加(jia)彈(dan)性(xing)并能(neng)有效克服松(song)面(mian)(mian)和(he)減少部位(wei)差。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程中表面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)劑的作用是(shi)幫助(zhu)滲(shen)透和(he)擴散。

紙(zhi)(zhi)是一種重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)包(bao)裝材(cai)料。隨著紙(zhi)(zhi)和紙(zhi)(zhi)板需求(qiu)量 的(de)(de)不斷增加(jia)，勢(shi)必造成(cheng)原料緊張、能源短缺(que)(que)等(deng)問題(ti)的(de)(de)加(jia)劇。由于我國森林資源有限，水資源短缺(que)(que)，滿足不了造紙(zhi)(zhi)工業(ye)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)，因此(ci)在(zai)倡(chang)導(dao)生態文明和循(xun)環經濟的(de)(de)今(jin)天(tian)，廢棄紙(zhi)(zhi)和紙(zhi)(zhi)制品的(de)(de)回收利用顯得至關重(zhong)要(yao)。 

從世界范圍看，廢(fei)紙的(de)使(shi)用(yong)中有54%的(de)比例用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)紙板，15%用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)包裝紙，12%用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)新(xin)聞紙，10%用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)衛生紙，7%用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)打印和書寫(xie)紙。廢(fei)紙造(zao)紙可以省去復雜的(de)木(mu)材(cai)原料準(zhun)備、蒸煮、漂白等工序(xu)。廢(fei)紙利用(yong)的(de)關(guan)鍵是(shi)(shi)廢(fei)紙脫(tuo)(tuo)墨(mo)技術。表(biao)面活(huo)性劑是(shi)(shi)廢(fei)紙脫(tuo)(tuo)墨(mo)的(de)主要活(huo)性成分，文中針(zhen)對不同表(biao)面活(huo)性劑的(de)性能做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一些比選，并應(ying)用(yong)于廢(fei)舊新(xin)聞紙的(de)化學洗滌法脫(tuo)(tuo)墨(mo)，并探討了其合適的(de)工藝。