陰離子表面活性劑在去污(wu)(wu)方面有(you)(you)優(you)異的(de)性(xing)能(neng)，但是常與非(fei)(fei)(fei)離子表面活性(xing)劑復配使(shi)(shi)用，得(de)到更(geng)好(hao)的(de)脫墨效果。陰離子表面活性(xing)劑具(ju)有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)發泡性(xing)和去油污(wu)(wu)性(xing)能(neng)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)離子表面活性(xing)劑在水溶液中呈現非(fei)(fei)(fei)離子狀態，穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)高。當非(fei)(fei)(fei)離子表面活性(xing)劑和陰離子表面活性(xing)劑配合(he)使(shi)(shi)用時，使(shi)(shi)膠粒帶負電，同電相斥，可以形成穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)分(fen)散體系，有(you)(you)利(li)于油墨與纖(xian)維分(fen)離而除去。

皮(pi)(pi)革加脂是將油脂加入皮(pi)(pi)內，作用是在(zai)膠(jiao)原纖維(wei)表面形成單(dan)分子層(ceng)油膜，并在(zai)纖維(wei)間也吸附適量的油脂，防止纖維(wei)結(jie)合變(bian)硬，使纖維(wei)分子鏈(lian)及鏈(lian)段(duan)運動變(bian)得十分容(rong)易，從而提(ti)高皮(pi)(pi)革柔(rou)軟度和豐(feng)滿感，防止皮(pi)(pi)板僵(jiang)硬甚至開裂。故加脂是制革一道重要工序。

填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)分為濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)和干(gan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)，這里主要指濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)。所謂(wei)濕填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)是指將加(jia)脂(zhi)前、后的革(ge)(ge)置于(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)劑(ji)浴液(ye)內，填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)劑(ji)滲(shen)入革(ge)(ge)纖(xian)維(wei)內并填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)于(yu)革(ge)(ge)纖(xian)維(wei)間或吸附(fu)于(yu)革(ge)(ge)纖(xian)維(wei)周圍，從(cong)而使革(ge)(ge)挺實、豐滿、增加(jia)彈性并能有效克服松面和減少部位差(cha)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)過程中表面活性劑(ji)的作(zuo)用是幫助(zhu)滲(shen)透和擴散。

紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是一種(zhong)重要的包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料。隨(sui)著(zhu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)需(xu)求量 的不斷(duan)增加，勢必造(zao)成原料緊張(zhang)、能源(yuan)短缺等問題的加劇。由于(yu)我國森林資源(yuan)有限，水資源(yuan)短缺，滿足不了造(zao)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工業的需(xu)求，因(yin)此在倡(chang)導(dao)生態(tai)文明和循環經濟的今天(tian)，廢棄紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制品的回收利用顯(xian)得至關重要。 

從世(shi)界范圍看，廢(fei)(fei)(fei)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中有54%的(de)(de)比(bi)例用(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板，15%用(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)包(bao)裝紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，12%用(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)新(xin)聞紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，10%用(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)衛(wei)生紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，7%用(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)打印和(he)書(shu)寫紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可以省(sheng)去復雜的(de)(de)木材原料(liao)準備、蒸煮、漂(piao)白等工(gong)序。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)關鍵是廢(fei)(fei)(fei)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)墨(mo)技(ji)術(shu)。表面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑是廢(fei)(fei)(fei)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)墨(mo)的(de)(de)主要活(huo)性(xing)成分，文中針(zhen)對不同表面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)劑的(de)(de)性(xing)能做(zuo)(zuo)一些(xie)比(bi)選，并(bing)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)舊新(xin)聞紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)化學洗滌法脫(tuo)墨(mo)，并(bing)探討了其合適的(de)(de)工(gong)藝。