目前，化學驅油是國內主要三次采油的主要方法，在化學驅油中為適用的是表面活性劑。許多專家(jia)和學(xue)者(zhe)在實(shi)際工作(zuo)經驗(yan)的(de)基(ji)礎上，對油田的(de)驅面活性劑提出的(de)要求，概括為以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)個特點：? ???

1）表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性劑對(dui)油(you)(you)水(shui)界面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性高、油(you)(you)水(shui)界面(mian)的降低能力強，使油(you)(you)與水(shui)界面(mian)張力低于(yu)10.2?mN／m，具有一定(ding)程(cheng)度的溶解性，濁點不(bu)受PH值的影響(xiang)或有較(jiao)小的影響(xiang)。? 

2）表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑與巖石表(biao)面(mian)之間的相互(hu)作用小，在巖石表(biao)面(mian)上(shang)的吸附能力(li)弱或不易(yi)吸附。?

3）表(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)劑溶于地(di)層(ceng)水中(zhong)，具有較(jiao)大的(de)擴散(san)速度，但抗稀(xi)釋能(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)強(qiang)，即表(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)劑濃度降低，從而降低油水界面(mian)張(zhang)力的(de)能(neng)(neng)力或變小，驅油效果更好。

4）具有良好的穩定性，和(he)其(qi)他化學劑或注入水(shui)、底層物質(zhi)不(bu)發生反應(ying)，沒有裂解降解反應(ying)。

5）在驅(qu)(qu)油過程中(zhong)，考慮(lv)表(biao)面活性(xing)劑驅(qu)(qu)油系統的配(pei)伍性(xing)問題和(he)油藏開發程度之間(jian)的關系。? ?

6）表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)適應(ying)驅油油藏溫度和礦化度度條件，具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)溫抗鹽能力。不同類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法有很多，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)是在水溶(rong)液中表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離子(zi)(zi)基團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)陰離子(zi)(zi)、陽離子(zi)(zi)、兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離子(zi)(zi)、非離子(zi)(zi)型(xing)和混合型(xing)5種類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)；根(gen)據分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量大小分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)低分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量300）和高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量為(wei)(wei)1000以(yi)上）；按(an)照對(dui)(dui)三次采油技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油藏條件對(dui)(dui)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、耐(nai)溫表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，抗鹽耐(nai)高(gao)溫表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和特殊地層條件下表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)；按(an)照來源分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)天然表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，合成表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和生物表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；根(gen)據溶(rong)解性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)水溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和油溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。?